The Kyoto Protocol assigns limits for the aggregate emissions of six greenhouse gases, but most economic analyses focus on CO2 abatement. What are the potential gains if policy makers exploit the flexibility in a multi-gas abatement strategy? We extend the EDGE model to include sinks and non-CO2 gases and show that a multigas strategy reduces costs by 20-35% in the Western Annex B countries. Ma...

The paper focuses on the macroeconomic and sectoral effects on developing countries (which have no emission abatement targets) of abatement actions in developed countries. The importance of the Kyoto mechanisms in minimising these impacts is examined in the analysis, with an emphasis on the importance of emissions trading in reducing abatement costs. Lower economic costs, in turn, reduce the im...

In this paper, we present a dynamic model modified with emission permit banking and pollution abatement, and investigate the effect of emission permit banking and pollution abatement on the production–inventory strategy of the firm. After introducing emission permit banking and pollution abatement, the cost function consists of the inventory holding and production costs, the cost of investment ...

The most advanced cement manufacturing technology does not, on its own, guarantee profitable operations. The cement manufacturing operation for maximum cost efficiency not only requires the advanced technological design but also sound operational practices. Operational Audit is an effective way for enhancing the productivity and minimising energy consumption. The objectives of a comprehensive o...

OBJECTIVES Growing concern over the costs, environmental impact and safety of tobacco product litter (TPL) has prompted states and cities to undertake a variety of policy initiatives, of which litter abatement fees are part. The present work describes a framework and methodology for calculating TPL costs and abatement fees. METHODS Abatement is associated with four categories of costs: (1) me...

Limited information is available on the perceptions of stakeholders concerning the health co-benefits of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of urban residents on the health co-benefits involving GHG abatement and related influencing factors in three cities in China. Beijing, Ningbo and Guangzhou were selected for this survey. P...

Stone crushing unit workers suffer from particulate matters and respirable silica at work and in their residents nearby. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the area and personal exposure concentration of respirable particulate matters and silica in workplaces and in surrounding villages. PM10, PM4 and PM2.5 were considered for unit area measurement and PM4 and PM2.5 were considered fo...

Dairy farms confront unique risks from weather conditions. Hot and humid weather induces heat stress, which reduces both the quantity and quality of dairy production. Traditional heat abatement technologies control the environment through ventilation, misting or evaporative cooling. Adoption of abatement equipment, however, is hindered by its high initial cost and possibly long payback period, ...