In examining the effect of membership in World Trade Organization (WTO) on amounts Aid for (AfT) that accrue to developing countries, Lee et al. (2015) (The Economy, 38, 2015 and 1462) have found country members received higher AfT flows than non-WTO members. The present paper deepens analysis by investigating duration WTO recipient countries. captures both time spent a organization. main argum...

abstract objective: diabetic peripheral neuropathy is the main risk factor of diabetic foot ulcer and its early diagnosis is important to prevent limb amputation. we assessed the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients. materials and methods: this cross-sectional study was performed on 352 randomly selected diabetic patients using a standardized questionnaire including age, gen...

Recent trade disruptions and their consequences on supply chains show the importance of stable relations for exporters' economic planning importers' security. Both instability in trading partners' institutional environment differences between them are likely to exacerbate these disruptions. We investigate role quality (IQ) its similarity with IQ stability links. focus links agri-food products e...

The article analyses the duration of exports of individual products of former communist countries to the enlarged European Union (EU25) employing survival analysis. The results show that the duration of trade differs across EU10 and EU15 markets, for the majority of countries the length of trade is higher in EU10 markets than in the EU15 markets. The estimations suggest that differentiated prod...

This paper is based on the CEPII database’s the 6 – digit HS code exported trade data in 2003-2010, and using the survival analysis method to analyze the duration of the China exported industrial manufactured goods’ relations, the results of the study has found that the duration of our countries’ exported industrial manufactured products trade relations is relatively short, mostly trade relatio...

We examine the extent to which product differentiation affects duration of US import trade relationships. The results are consistent with a matching model of trade formation. Using highly disaggregated product level data we estimate the hazard rate is at least 23 percent higher for homogeneous goods than for differentiated products. The results are not only highly robust but are often strengthe...

More than half of all US import relationships begin with less than $10,000 annually. The median relationship is observed to last just one year. The incidence and duration of these relationships are consistent with a search model of international trade. The preponderance of small starting relationships reveals uncertainty present in formation of trade relationships. Initial size, reliability, an...