Drug side effects levy a massive cost on society through drug failures, morbidity, and mortality cases every year, and their early detection is critically important. Here, we describe the array of model-based phenotype predictors (AMPP), an approach that leverages medical informatics resources and a human genome-scale metabolic model (GSMM) to predict drug side effects. AMPP is substantially pr...

The complexity of antiretroviral therapy, coupled with the lifelong duration of treatment, presents the need for extensive management of drug interactions and adverse effects. This article includes an extensive discussion of drug interactions involving antiretroviral agents and other medications (eg, antibiotics, oral contraceptives, H2 antagonists, and lipid-lowering agents) commonly used in i...

introduction : clozapine is the first effective antipsychotic drug with the least extra pyramidal side effects and more agranulocytosis than other standard neuroleptics. granolocytopenia or agranulocytosis occurs in 1 to 2 percent of all patients treated with clozapine. agranulocytosis due to clozapine is a fatal disorder that requires immediate clinical intervention.   method : this paper repo...

Previous analysis of systems pharmacology has revealed a tendency of rational drug design in the pharmaceutical industry. The targets of new drugs tend to be close with the corresponding disease genes in the biological networks. However, it remains unclear whether the rational drug design introduces disadvantages, i.e. side effects. Therefore, it is important to dissect the relationship between...

From St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, Memphis (W.E.E.); and Washington University Medical School, St. Louis (H.L.M.). Address reprint requests to Dr. Evans at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale St., Memphis, TN 381010318, or at [email protected]. t is well recognized that different patients resp...