introduction: influenza is a contagious acute viral disease of the respiratory tract that causes fever, headache, muscle aches and cough. one of the unique features of influenza virus is antigenic variation in viral protein neuraminidase (na) which causes emergence of new virus variants. na is responsible for the release and spread of progeny virions. due to the continuous changes of na genes, ...

hyosun kim’s report “trouble spots in online direct to consumer prescription drug promotion: a content analysis of fda warning letters”aims to teach marketers how to avoid breaching current food and drug administration (fda) guidelines in their online drug promotion. while kim hopes to minimise the potential for online promotion to misinform consumers and the study is carefully conducted, teach...

today hydrogels are considered as the materials that are able to play important role in drug delivery systems. to design an effective hydrogel applicable network, mathematical modeling has a critical role. a successful drug delivery device relies not only on intelligent network design but also on accurate prior mathematical modeling of drug release profiles. in this study, the modeling of the i...

Drug-combination analysis is discussed and demonstrated. Suppose we have a set of drugs (or other treatments which we misclassify as “drugs” for the purpose of our analysis.) These drugs are supposed to be treatments for some disease, e.g., HIV infection. Our goal is to assess whether, and to what extent, treatment with a particular combination of these drugs is more or less effective than some...

conclusions in the initial treatment, it seems necessary to supervise and monitor the treatment process through staff in addiction treatment centers together with the company of the addicts’ families to reduce relapse rate. results the relapse rate was 30.42%, mean and median of the time to relapse (survival time) were 27.40 ± 1.63 months (ci 95%: 24.19 - 30.60) and 25 ± 2.25 months (ci 95%: 22...