The purpose of this work is to describe how the release of the new Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for the United States and Canada has necessitated changes in the US Department of Agriculture National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR). New DRIs are reviewed to determine if the units for reporting vitamin intakes have changed and also to determine if the Tolerable Upper Intake Leve...

Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) norms were derived for crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) from field fertility experiments conducted over the past 20 years on mineral and organic soils in Florida. Preliminary testing indicates that DRIS diagnoses generally agree with diagnoses using the sufficiency range approach, with the advantage of predicting the degree of nutrient ...

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have been recently introduced to optical wireless communication (OWC) networks resolve skip areas and improve the signal-to-noise ratio at user's end. In OWC networks, RIS are based on mirrors or metasurfaces. Metasurfaces evolved significantly over last few years. As a result, coding, digital, programmable, information metamaterials developed. The adva...

The determination of isocyanates concentrations in air is complicated by thepresence of these substances as monomers and oligomers as well as in thevapor and aerosol phases. Direct-reading instruments (DRIs) are available fordetermining the diisocyanate concentrations in workplace air, but they arecalibrated for the monomers only. Industry uses polymeric diisocyanateswhich c...

Following the comprehensive systematic review of domestic and overseas scientific evidence, the "Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese, 2005 (DRI-J)" was published in April, 2005. The DRIs-J were prepared for health individuals and groups and designed to present a reference for intake values of energy and 34 nutrients to maintain and promote health and to prevent lifestyle-related diseases and...

OBJECTIVE To summarise the applications and appropriate use of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) as guidance for nutrition and health research professionals in the dietary assessment of groups and individuals. DESIGN Key points from the Institute of Medicine report, Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment, are summarised in this paper. The different approaches for using D...

Nutrient standards such as the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) may be used to assess diets of both individuals and of population groups. The goal is to estimate the probability of dietary adequacy (or inadequacy) for an individual and the prevalence of dietary adequacy for a group. The DRI that is needed to estimate the probability of dietary adequacy is the estimated average requirement for a...