We report the effect of double Rayleigh backscattering (DRB) noise, in which interference signal light with backscattered light, on fiber-optic radio-frequency (RF) transfer system. Here, we theoretically analyze and experimentally demonstrate that DRB noise within fiber link will become dominative RF system once narrow linewidth lasers are used. The strong is confirmed through measurement cohe...

In this paper we introduce a two-step Certified Reduced Basis (RB) method. In the first step we construct from an expensive finite element “truth” discretization of dimension N an intermediate RB model of dimension N N . In the second step we construct from this intermediate RB model a derived RB (DRB) model of dimension M ≤ N . The construction of the DRB model is effected at cost O(N) and in ...

HLA-DRB alleles are class II alleles that are associated with CD4+ T-cell immune response. DRB alleles are polymorphic and currently there are about 622 named in the IMGT/HLA sequence database. Each allele binds short peptides with high sensitivity and specificity. However, it has been suggested that majority of HLA alleles can be covered within few HLA supertypes, where different members of a ...

Abstract. Precipitation is a crucial driver of hydrological processes. Ironically, reliable characterization its spatiotemporal variability challenging. Ground-based rainfall measurement using rain gauges more accurate. However, installing dense gauging network to capture can be impractical. Satellite-based estimates (SREs) could good alternatives, especially for data-scarce basins like in Ethi...

BACKGROUND The relationship between healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) and resistant bacteria is unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for pneumonia caused by drug-resistant bacteria (DRB). METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital in Hong Kong. Consecutive older patients (aged ≥65 years) were hospitalized with pneumonia fro...

Recently, a positive and a negative elongation factor, implicated in 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) inhibition of transcription elongation, has been identified. P-TEFb is a positive transcription elongation factor and the DRB-sensitive kinase that phosphorylates the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). PITALRE, a member of the Cdc...

A number of chemicals, mostly adenosine analogues, cause the nucleolus of the chick embryo fibroblast to lose material and unravel over a period of several hours into beaded strands termed nucleolar necklaces (NN). The results of analyses of the fibroblasts, treated with the NN-forming chemical dichlororibobenzimidazole (DRB), suggests that the following biochemical alterations occur: DRB almos...

In the human population, five major HLA-DRB haplotypes have been identified, whereas the situation in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) is radically different. At least 30 Mamu-DRB region configurations, displaying polymorphism with regard to number and combination of DRB loci present per haplotype, have been characterized. Until now, Mamu-DRB region genes have been studied mainly by genomic seq...

The Dr family of related adherence structures, some fimbriated and others afimbriated, bind to decay-accelerating factor molecules on human cells. Dr is associated with recurring urinary tract infection (UTI), but the distribution of Dr subtypes among uropathogenic Escherichia coli causing UTI among otherwise healthy women has yet to be described. A total of 787 UTI and fecal E. coli isolates f...

The genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are a key component of the mammalian immune system and have become important molecular markers for fitness-related genetic variation in wildlife populations. Currently, no information about the MHC sequence variation and constitution in African leopards exists. In this study, we isolated and characterized genetic variation at the adaptivel...