The increasingly large number of chemicals introduced onto the market and into the environment has necessitated the monitoring of environmental materials and specimen banking, as well as the development of rapid and reliable methods for the evaluation of toxicity. The Hen's Egg Test, or Hühner-Embryonen-Test (HET) is a rapid, sensitive and inexpensive toxicity test and can give information on e...

PURPOSE To evaluate the ocular surface toxicity of two nitric oxide donors in ex vivo and in vivo animal models: S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC) in a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) matrix at final concentrations 1.0 and 10.0 mM. METHODS Ex vivo GSNO and SNAC toxicities were clinically and histologically analyzed using freshly excised pig eyeballs. In vi...

of these, the EPISKIN method showed evidence of being a reliable and relevant standalone test for predicting rabbit skin irritation, when the endpoint is evaluated by MTT reduction, and for being used as a replacement (based on the performance of the assay as specified in the annex) for the Draize Skin Irritation Test (OECD TG 404 & Method B.4 of Annex V to Directive 67/548/EEC) for the purpose...

The use of isolated rabbit eyes for the assessment of eye irritation potential is a recognized alternative to the Draize eye irritation test, because it closely models the in vivo test system, but does not require the exposure to take place in the eyes of living animals. The procedure permits evaluation of undiluted test materials, i.e. as they could enter the in vivo eye test, and in this resp...

A replacement alternative to the rabbit eye irritation test has been sought for many years. First published in 1944 by FDA toxicologist J. H. Draize, the test, now known as the Draize Eye Test, has been used extensively to assess eye safety. It has also been a focal point for concern regarding its animal use. In 1992, Molecular Devices developed the Cytosensor Microphysiometer (CM) technology, ...

An apparatus and a method for rapidly determining chemical toxicity have been evaluated as an alternative to the rabbit eye initancy test (Draize). The toxicity monitor includes an automated scoring of how motile biological cells (Tetrahymena pyriformis) slow down or otherwise change their swimming patterns in a hostile chemical environment. The method, called the Motility Assay (MA), is tested...

In the last decades significant regulatory attempts were made to replace, refine and reduce animal testing to assess the risk of consumer products for the human eye. As the original in vivo Draize eye test has been criticized for limited predictivity, costs and ethical issues, several animal-free test methods have been developed to categorize substances according to the global harmonized system...

Background: The emergence of epidemics in recent years, such as COVID-19 and monkeypox, has increased the need for protective gloves. Objectives: This study was performed to provide clinical evidence that no residual chemical additives are present powder-free, non-latex, with without pigment, sterile non-sterile nitrile, polyisoprene gloves at a level may induce type IV allergy unsensitized gen...