ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The manipulation of peripheral neuronal activity can alter the excitability primary motor cortex; however, it is not known whether this occurs after intramuscular injections lidocaine. Therefore, investigation focused on neurophysiological changes, assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation, lidocaine (0.5mL, 2%) injection in first dorsal interosseous mu...

A benchmark quality solution is presented for ow in a staggered double lid driven cavity obtained by using the wavelet-based discrete singular convolution (DSC). The proposed wavelet based algorithm combines local methods’ exibility and global methods’ accuracy, and hence, is a promising approach for achieving the high accuracy solution of the Navier–Stokes equations. Block structured grids wit...

BACKGROUND Natural adhesion between the levator aponeurosis and the subcutaneous layer in the upper lid is essential for an aesthetically pleasing double eyelid. The study aims to emphasize the outer fascia of orbicularis oculi muscle (OFOOM) as a fixation point on the double eyelid surgery. METHODS The authors examined the detailed anatomy of the anterior lamella microscopically during 28 ca...

PURPOSE To describe the use of a lid crease incision for upper eyelid margin rotation in cicatricial entropion combining internal traction on the anterior lamella, tarsotomy, and tarsal overlap without external sutures. METHODS Surgical description: The main steps of the procedure consisted of exposure of the entire tarsal plate up to the eyelashes followed by tarsotomy through the conjunctiv...

Amantadine extended release (ER) [GOCOVRI®], an NMDA receptor antagonist, is important treatment option in the management of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) and OFF episodes patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Taken at bedtime, amantadine ER provides low plasma levels overnight high concentrations during waking day (i.e. delayed release). In randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled ph...

Down's syndrome is associated with characteristic eyelid abnormalities. Ten patients presented with lid abnormalities leading to corneal problems. Five patients had ectropion, four of whom required skin grafting to correct the abnormality. One patient had entropion and four had chronic blepharoconjunctivitis leading to trichiasis, which was treated with double freeze thaw cryotherapy.

We investigated the changes in NADPH-diaphorase staining that occur in the lateral geniculate nucleus of cats following rearing with monocular lid suture. This staining allows visualization of the synthesizing enzyme of nitric oxide, a neuromodulator associated with plasticity. In the lateral geniculate nucleus of normally reared cats, NADPH-diaphorase exclusively labels the axons and terminals...

Aim: Aging affects the appearance of the eyelids and the surrounding malar region. Blepharoplasty improves the aesthetic appearance of this region, and multiple variants of the procedure have been reported. We here report our technique for modified lower lid blepharoplasty and cheek lift for patients with hypoplastic malar regions, which was introduced after observing prominent lower orbital ri...