The inferior vena cava, due to its complex embryogenesis and relationship with other abdominal and thoracic structures, may develop abnormally. The anomalies and variations of inferior vena cava anatomy are very rare occurring in approximately 0.3% of the population. Among these latter, duplication of the inferior vena cava has an incidence of 2–3%. Usually, right inferior vena cava dominates a...

The inferior vena cava, also known as the posterior vena cava, is the large vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava result from the persistence of the embryonic venous system. The majority of cases are clinically silent and are diagnosed in routine dissection studies, in retroperiton...

Introduction: Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is a rare tumor that is hard to diagnose because there are no definitive symptoms. Case Report: A 72-year-old Japanese female presented with edema in both legs. Enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a heterogeneous tumor measuring 10×11×15 cm, which exerted pressure on the inferior vena cava. We preoperatively diagnosed ...

introduction: the correlation of central venous pressure (cvp) with inferior vena cava (ivc) sonographic diameter has been reported in several studies. however, few studies have attempted to find the best anatomic location of measurement. therefore, the purpose of this study was determining the best anatomic location to find precise correlation between cvp and ivc diameter using transesophageal...

Venocaval anomalies are uncommon in the general population and often go unrecognized, but physicians should be aware of their significance. Duplicate superior vena cava should be identified during cardiac imaging, surgery, and catheter insertions. While interrupted inferior vena cava can predispose to thrombus formation, they protect against pulmonary embolism from lower extremity deep vein thr...

objective: to evaluate the feasibility and results of using serosal patch of small bowel for repair and replacement of inferior vena cava (ivc) after resection of a part of infra-renal ivc in an animal model, as it may be encountered in extensive tumors of retroperitoneal and trauma patients. methods: five healthy sheep of both sexes were prepared. after general anesthesia and laparotomy, a def...

While there is some local variability in the use of inferior vena cava filters and there has been some evolution in the indications for filter placement over time, inferior vena cava filters remain a standard option for pulmonary embolism prophylaxis. Indications are clear in certain subpopulations of patients, particularly those with deep venous thrombosis and absolute contraindications to ant...

atrial septal defect (asd) is a common congenital anomaly that has low surgical mortality and morbidity. we report a very rare case of a low-lying asd, combined with the drainage of the inferior vena cava and the left superior vena cava into the left atrium. this combination was associated with an unroofed coronary sinus. we also describe an iatrogenic surgical diversion of the inferior vena ca...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using carbon dioxide (CO(2)) as a contrast agent in performing bedside inferior vena cavagrams before the insertion of vena cava filters. There was a consecutive series of patients undergoing bedside preinsertion cavagrams with inferior vena cava filter insertion. The setting was an 825-bed tertiary care hospital. The subj...