Development of artificial cell models requires encapsulation of biomolecules within membrane-bound compartments. There have been limited studies of using mammalian cell-free expression (CFE) system as the 'cytosol' of artificial cells. We exploit glass capillary droplet microfluidics for the encapsulation of mammalian CFE within double emulsion templated vesicles. The complexity of the physicoc...

Photo-responsive double emulsions made of liquid crystal (LC) were prepared by a microfluidic device, and the light-induced processes were studied. The phase transition was induced from the center of the topological defect for an emulsion made of (N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)4-butylaniline (MBBA), and strange texture change was observed for an emulsion made of 4-cyano-4′pentylbiphenyl (5CB) doped w...

We investigate the formation of polymer vesicles, or polymersomes, of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers using double emulsion droplets of controlled architecture as templates. To engineer the structure of the polymersomes, it is important to consider the concentration of diblock copolymer in the middle phase of the double emulsion. We describe how the presence of excess ...

We introduce a novel approach for synthesizing mesoporous hydroxyapatite (HAp, (Ca)10, (PO4)6(OH)2) using double emulsion droplets as microreactors. By using capillary microfluidic techniques, the size and the geometry of the droplet microreactors can be tuned easily. Double emulsion droplets offer the combined advantages of both shielding the reactants and on-demand addition of reactants; this...

We report a parallelized capillary microfluidic device for enhanced production rate of monodisperse polymersomes. This device consists of four independent capillary microfluidic devices, operated in parallel; each device produces monodisperse water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) doubleemulsion drops through a single-step emulsification. During generation of the double-emulsion drops, the innermost wat...

We present an approach to fabricate capsules consisting of a composite layer of particles and block copolymers . The capsules are fabricated by directed assembly of block copolymers at the interfaces of a double emulsion template and electrostatic adsorption of particles onto the copolymers. The double emulsion drops are prepared using capillary-based microfluidics. The solvent phase of the dou...

BACKGROUND Conventional tomography used for evaluation of the small areas of the jaws provides acceptable information. It has some advantages of availability, less radiation dose and cost in comparison to computed tomography (CT) and cone beam CT. Double emulsion film usually used for taking tomograms requires less exposure than single emulsion film; on the other hand, the latter provides more ...

A simple and robust co-flowing microfluidic device for double emulsion preparation is designed and assembled to visually study the double emulsion formation by the use of a microscope and high-speed camera. Using a visualization system, the transient processes of double emulsion formation in co-flowing stream are observed and recorded for a variety of flow rates. The effects of flow rates of ea...

The performance of selected oil adjuvants containing Southern African Territories (SAT) serotypes of foot and mouth disease virus was assayed by testing antibody levels elicited in cattle, sheep and goats, and by testing protection of cattle on challenge. Various oil adjuvant formulations were tested initially in cattle and guinea pigs, and compared with a standard alhydrogel and saponin-based ...