BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is one of the most prominent health problems in the world, causing 1.75 million deaths each year. Rapid clinical diagnosis is important in patients who have co-morbidities such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Direct microscopy has low sensitivity and culture takes 3 to 6 weeks 123. Therefore, new tools for TB diagnosis are necessary, especially in health...

background and aims: viroids are smallest known plant pathogens and cause several economically significant diseases. until recently, viroid detection relied mainly on biological tests and indexing. today various diagnostic techniques such as nucleic acid hybridization, southern blot and reverse transcription coupled with polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) are being used for detection and diagno...

background and objective: high-level gentamicin resistance (hlgr: mic ≥ 500 µg/ml) in enterococci is mediated by aminoglycoside modifying enzymes which is mainly encoded by aac(6′)-ie-aph(2′′)-ia gene. the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of   aac(6′)-ie-aph(2′′)-ia gene in clinical isolates of enterococcus facium and enterococcus faecalis collected from hospitals in northwest of...

A modified phage-enzyme link immunosorbent assay (phage-ELISA) and a phage dot-blot assay specific for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and its antibody were developed by using phage display technology. The phageELISA and phage dot-blot assays enabled to detect HBsAg and anti-HBsAg in human sera, and compatible to commercial detection kit. The fusion phages were immobilized onto microtiter p...

Background: This study aimed to design and analyze the applicability of an oligonucleotide probe in radioisotope 32P-based dot blot hybridization for detection of hepatitis C virus. Methods: Forty-six of plasma samples were used. The plasma was extracted to obtain viral RNA genome as template for RT-PCR and the amplicon was used for nested PCR. Twenty-four HCV genomes were retrieved from GeneBa...