This paper proposes a method for studying the toxicity of an anticancer drug with a delayed effect. The goal is to predict a dosage regimen with controlled toxicity. To this end, a semi-physiological model is used. A limit of toxicity is demonstrated, which is intrinsic to the model. It reduces the effect of high drug concentrations. This limit explains the mixed behaviour of the drug: time-dep...

BACKGROUND This study was designed to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics (popPK) of penicillin G in patients with infective endocarditis and establish a dosage regimen based on pharmacokinetic data and clinical outcome. METHOD Forty-six serum penicillin G samples from 25 individuals were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed-effects model. popPK were estimated using a one-compartment model. ...

Treatment of bipolar disorder with lithium therapy during pregnancy is a medical challenge. Bipolar disorder is more prevalent in women and its onset is often concurrent with peak reproductive age. Treatment typically involves administration of the element lithium, which has been classified as a class D drug (legal to use during pregnancy, but may cause birth defects) and is one of only thirty ...

We present a case with decreased metabolic activity of CYP2D6, a cytochrome P450 enzyme catalyzing the metabolism of nortriptyline (NT). Conventional dosage regimen led to toxic plasma concentration of NT and adverse effects such as dry mouth, constipation, and dizziness in this case with genotype CYP2D6*5/*10B. This case suggests the clinical usefulness of pharmacogenetic testing in individual...

The aim of this study was to validate a simplified high-dosage, extended-interval netilmicin dosage regimen for infants. A total of 129 infants receiving 163 treatment courses of netilmicin (6 mg kg every 24 or 36 h depending on gestational age (GA), postnatal age and postmenstrual age) was analysed. Serum netilmicin concentrations were monitored before (Cmin), 30 min (C0.5h) after and 7.5 h (C...

Milner, R. D. G., Ross, J., Froud, D. J. R., and Davis, J. A. (1972). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 47, 927. Clinical pharmacology of gentamicin in the newborn infant. Newborn infants with suspected bacterial infection were treated with intramuscular gentamicin. Serum levels of the drug were measured 1 hour after the first dose, immediately before the second dose, and immediately before and...

It is not possible to establish a single dosage regimen for theophylline or its derivatives (for example, aminophylline) that will suit all patients because the metabolism of theophylline varies greatly from person to person. This variation is reflected in its elimination half life, which varies from four hours in healthy adult smokers to about 25 hours in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Sever...

BACKGROUND Despite concerns about racial differences on adherence to prescribed medication rigimens among older adults, current information about nonadherence among underserved elderly African Americans with co-morbidities is limited. This study examines the association between adherence to drug regimens and an array of medication-related factors, including polypharmacy, medication regimen comp...

Community pharmacies supply medications; therefore are involved in the patient care process. The objective of this study was to study the quality of patient care given by these pharmacies. We conducted a cross sectional study of 13 community pharmacies in Bandung City, Indonesia. Data collected were patient care indicators whose standard is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). These ...