During induction of the Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite vulva by the anchor cell of the gonad, six multipotent vulval precursor cells (VPCs) have two distinct fates: three VPCs generate the vulva and the other three VPCs generate nonspecialized hypodermis. Genes that control the fates of the VPCs in response to the anchor cell signal are defined by mutations that cause all six VPCs to gene...

The metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) is abundantly expressed in the mammalian central nervous system, where it regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis in response to excitatory signaling. Here, we describe heterozygous dominant mutations in GRM1, which encodes mGluR1, that are associated with distinct disease phenotypes: gain-of-function missense mutations, linked in two different...

Although it is well-established that p53 functions as a tumor suppressor gene, certain mutations exhibit gain-of-function activities that increase oncogenic transformation. We have found a common class of p53 missense mutation that exhibits a dominant, gain-of-function activity that generates genomic instability. Fibroblasts from Li-Fraumeni syndrome heterozygotes with such mutations generate p...

In response to antitrust cases challenging the exclusionary conduct of dominant firms, some dominant firms offer an “appropriability defense”: a claim that prohibiting the challenged conduct would harm innovation by lessening the dominant firm’s return to investment in research and development (R&D) and, in consequence, undermining that firm’s incentive to innovate. This paper explains that an ...

Techniques employed to reduce the parasitic emitter resistance effect in the Gilbert current gain-cell and improve gain-cell linearity and noise performance are presented. The technique is further developed to improve linearity and noise performance of the Gilbert Cell Transconductor (GCT). The deliberate addition of large resistors to the gain-cell will reduce dominant noise contributions from...

The optical gain and spontaneous emission characteristics of low In-content AlInN-delta-GaN quantum wells (QWs) are analyzed for deep ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) and lasers. Our analysis shows a large increase in the dominant transverse electric (TE) polarized spontaneous emission rate and optical gain. The remarkable enhancements in TE-polarized optical gain and spontaneous e...