Sera of camelids contain both conventional heterotetrameric antibodies and unique functional heavy (H)-chain antibodies (HCAbs). The H chain of these homodimeric antibodies consists of one antigen-binding domain, the VHH, and two constant domains. HCAbs fail to incorporate light (L) chains owing to the deletion of the first constant domain and a reshaped surface at the VHH side, which normally ...

Clostridium Botulinum Type E neurotoxin heavy chain consists of two domains: the translocation domain asthe N-terminal half and the binding domain as the Cterminal half (Hc). One effective way to neutralize botulinum neurotoxin is to inhibit binding of this toxin to neuromuscular synapses with antibodies against binding domain. Two synthetic genes, coding for Hc (the full length binding d...

background: the use of igys in a variety of methods in different areas of research, diagnostics, medical application and biotechnology should be considered widely. objectives: development of antibodies against extra cellular domain of influenza m2 (m2e) protein in egg yolk of laying hens. methods: a fusion construct harboring c-terminal of bovine heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and influenza m2e ...

results isotype of 1f1 clone was determined to be igg1, which reacted with native protein in the western blot experiment and stained 20% of the membrane of neoplastic cells overexpressing her2 with 3+ grade. however, 3l5 clone showed a low reaction (10%) with native her2 in immunohistochemistry. conclusions the results of both western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that native her2 ca...

background: antiphospholipid antibodies (apl) are a heterogeneous family of anti-bodies associated with thrombosis and other complications. objective: to study the prevalence of apl in patients with thrombosis at aleppo university hospitals, syria. methods: one hundred and fifty-seven patients with venous and arterial thrombosis and 63 healthy controls were studied. anticardiolipin antibodies (...

Colonization of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) in nasopharynx causes respiratory tract disease. In 80% of clinical isolates, HMW proteins are the major adhesions and induce protective antibodies in the hosts. Therefore, it can be used as a vaccine candidate. The aim of this study is designing and cloning of the conserved regions of NTHi hmw1 core binding domain.In this study, the sta...

colonization of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) in nasopharynx causes respiratory tract disease. in 80% of clinical isolates, hmw proteins are the major adhesions and induce protective antibodies in the hosts. therefore, it can be used as a vaccine candidate. the aim of this study is designing and cloning of the conserved regions of nthi hmw1 core binding domain.in this study, the sta...