justice is a fundamental concept in islam. numerous thinkers have reflected upon it. the present article aims to study the meaning of justice from the perspective of al-farabi and ibn khaldun by a qualitative content analysis-based literature review, and in the end, assess their strategies of confronting injustice. it is worth noting that al-farabi and ibn khaldun belong to different historical...

The paper starts with Cicero’s definition of state in De republica 1, 39 and how it structured the legal philosophy works republica, legibus, officiis. It is correlated Stoic polis Aristotle’s philosophic teachings. According to Cicero, Iurisconsensus et utilitatis communionis represents essence rule law. There a distinction between formal justice aequitas as higher form justice. divine cosmic ...

One of the important subjects civil community throughout history up to now, is subject achieving that tendency society in which justice can be mainly attained. The nature and importance this has been a reason for illustrating different views on justice.
 Islamic Religion as divine religion always given humans provided worthy life away from oppression. Justice matter big role it like bridge...

In this paper I argue that J. L. Schellenberg’s Divine Hiddenness Argument is committed to a problematic implication that is weakened by research in cognitive psychology on affective forecasting. Schellenberg’s notion of a nonresistant nonbeliever logically implies that for any such person, it is true that she would form the proper belief in God if provided with what he calls “probabilifying” e...

Orthodoxy, and other so-called world religions that were complicit with colonialist expansion and its repression of the “other peoples” (indigenous), their rites and beliefs. For centuries, colonial societies have denied that indigenous peoples had “religions” at all; as the great photographer of Native North American cultures Edward S. Curtis stated, “There seems to be a broadly prevalent idea...