The diversity of distinct covalent forms of proteins (the proteome) greatly exceeds the number of proteins predicted by DNA coding capacities owing to directed posttranslational modifications. Enzymes dedicated to such protein modifications include 500 human protein kinases, 150 protein phosphatases, and 500 proteases. The major types of protein covalent modifications, such as phosphorylation, ...

Sky islands provide ideal opportunities for understanding how climatic changes associated with Pleistocene glacial cycles influenced species distributions, genetic diversification, and demography. The salamander Plethodon ouachitae is largely restricted to high-elevation, mesic forest on six major mountains in the Ouachita Mountains. Because these mountains are separated by more xeric, low-elev...

Biocatalytic late-stage modifications offer attractive methods to selectively functionalise complex molecules. Amidst an ever-growing number of enzymes, modular toolboxes enzymatic transformations have been made available in synthesis today. Vast sets biocatalysts are able address manifold diversifications interest, e.g., applied for drug development. In their Review on page 16824, Nicholas J. ...

From the perspective that a region’s industrial development mostly builds upon existing local capability endowments to form trajectory of related diversifications, we argue regions with strong technology-based knowledge-intensive business service (T-KIBS) sector potentially have resource-based relatedness in their ‘knowledge space’ allowing manufacturing diversify production more easily towards...