Diuron desorption and mineralisation were studied on an amended and artificially contaminated soil. The amendments used comprised two different composted organic residues i.e., sewage sludge (SS) mixed with pruning wastes, and urban solid residues (USR), and two different solutions (with inorganic salts as the micronutrients and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD)). After applying micronutrien...

The effects of the photosystem II herbicides diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) and atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) on the photosynthetic membranes of a cyanobacterium, Aphanocapsa 6308, were compared to the effects on a higher plant, Spinacia oleracea. The inhibition of photosystem II electron transport by these herbicides was investigated by measurin...

A probabilistic risk assessment of the selected herbicides (diuron and prometryn) in the Gwydir River catchment was conducted, with the input of the EC₅₀ values derived from both literature and a novel bioassay. Laboratory test based on growth of algae exposed to herbicides assayed with a microplate reader was used to examine the toxicity of diuron and prometryn on the growth of Chlorella vulga...

The objective of this study was to identify reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from the exposure of fructose solution to the 254 nm ultraviolet (UV) light and evaluate whether fructose can be used as a photosensitizer for accelerated photo-degradation of diuron and chlorpyrifos. We demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen ((1)O2) and acidic photolysis products were generated upo...

The progressive public and governmental awareness that we live in a chemical world, where both natural and manmade substances impose specific risks to living organisms, raised the need for regulatory and interventional measures to protect human health. Naturally, regulatory measures depend on identification of the hazard and the risk imposed by suspected chemicals. In the absence of human data,...

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is formed during chlorination of water containing the herbicide diuron (N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea) but formation is greatly enhanced in the presence of ammonia (chloramination). Groundwater impacted by agricultural runoff may contain diuron and relatively high total nitrogen concentrations; this study examines the impact of the nitrogen form (ammoniu...

Abstract. Biocides used in film protection products leaching from facades are known to be a potential threat the environment. This study identifies individual sources and entry pathways small-scale urban area. We investigate emissions of commonly biocides (terbutryn, diuron, octylisothiazolinone – OIT) some their transformation (TPs; diuron-desmethyl, terbumeton, terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy, terbu...

Chemical pollution by pesticides has been identified as a possible contributing factor to the massive mortality outbreaks observed in Crassostrea gigas for several years. A previous study demonstrated the vertical transmission of DNA damage by subjecting oyster genitors to the herbicide diuron at environmental concentrations during gametogenesis. This trans-generational effect occurs through da...

Diuron, a widely used herbicide and antifouling biocide, has been shown to persist in the environment and contaminate drinking water. It has been characterized as a "known/likely" human carcinogen. Whereas its environmental transformation and toxicity have been extensively examined, its metabolic characteristics in mammalian livers have not been reported. This study was designed to investigate ...

Elevated ocean temperatures and agrochemical pollution individually threaten inshore coral reefs, but these pressures are likely to occur simultaneously. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the combined effects of elevated temperature and the photosystem II (PSII) inhibiting herbicide diuron on several types of symbiotic algae (diatom, dinoflagellate or rhodophyte) of benthic foraminifera in...