We give an entanglement assisted scheme for quantum key distribution. The scheme requires the maximally entangled 2-qubit state but does not require any quantum storage. Given the symmetric noisy channel, our scheme can tolerate the bit error rate up to 26% in the 4-state case and 30% in the 6-state respectively, respectively. These values are higher than those of all currently known two-level-...

To simulate a new economical architecture for PEM fuel cell and investigate the effectiveness of the introduced structure on the performance, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is used to solve the equations for a single domain of the cell namely: the flow field, the mass conservation, the energy conservation, the species transport, and the electric/ionic fields under the assumptions of st...

This paper presents an experimental research on the distribution of local friction factor, fb, and global friction factor, f, over the cross-section of a channel with V-shaped bottom, which typically occurs in sewers and culverts. Several series of experiments were conducted for measuring velocity and boundary shear stress. It is found that, Darcy-Weisbach, f, is more sensitive than other resis...

Co-channel interference is a major factor in limiting the capacity and link quality in cellular communications. As the co-channel interference is modeled by lognormal distribution, sum of the co-channel interferences of neighboring cells is represented by the sum of lognormal Random Variables (RVs) which has no closed-form expression. Assuming independent, identically distributed (iid) RVs, the...

The telecommunications-centric business model of mobile operators is under attack due to technological convergence in the communication and content industries. This has resulted in a plethora of academic contributions on the design of new business models and service platform architectures. However, a discussion of the challenges that operators are facing in adopting these models is lacking. We ...

In this study, a periodic zigzag channel with rectangular cross-section has been used in order to obtain a high-efficiency system for cooling a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. An appropriate function of fuel cells and enhancement of their lifetime require uniform temperature conditions of around 80°C. On the other hand, due to volume and weight constraints, a low-density compact heat exchanger i...

        In the present study, the effect of random distribution of reactants and products on laminar, 2D and steady-state flame propagation in aluminium particles has been investigated. The equations are solved only for lean mixture. The flame structure is assumed to consist of a preheat zone, a reaction zone and a post flame zone. It is presumed that in the preheat zone particles are heated an...