There are some factors predicted tohave an effect on the countries’ economic devlopment. This study aimed to analyze long-term and short-term effects of In-flation, Exchange Rate, Foreign Economic Growth (the destination United States, China, Japan) Indonesian Export. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model is used in this analysis from 1968 through 2017. results show that long-term, i...

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This paper examines the causality between income inequality and crime in Malaysia for the period 1973-2003. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing procedure is employed to (1) analyze the impact of income inequality on various categories of criminal activities as well as to (2) analyze the impact of various categories of criminal activities on income inequality. Interestingly our ...

This paper investigates whether exports are the engine of production growth in forest industries in three countries. A bivariate autoregressive distributed lag model of production and exports was estimated with data of eleven forest industries from China, Finland, and the United States. Inferences were based on the short-run and long-run partial multipliers from exports to production by industr...

This paper studies the role of exchange rate volatility in determining the UK’s real imports from three major developing countries Brazil, China, and South Africa. The paper contributes to the literature by investigating the third country effect and also by analyzing the impact of the current financial crisis on the relationship between exchange rate volatility and UK imports. This paper furthe...

The objective of this paper is to investigate the long-run and short-run relationships among tourist arrivals to Malaysia and tourism price, substitute price, travelling cost, income and exchange rate for Asian7. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test approach developed by Pesaran et al. (2001) is employed in the analysis, and the data cover the period 1970 to 2004. The empirical...