A sensor network is made up of a large number of sensors with limited energy. Sensors collect environmental data then send them to the sink. Energy efficiency and thereby increasing the lifetime of sensor networks is important. Direct transfer of the data from each node to the central station will increase energy consumption. Previous research has shown that the organization of nodes in cluster...

The present study examined email communication practices of two groups of students in Iran and the United States to uncover the probable differences between Iranian and American email communication norms. The study also aimed at investigating how power distance in academic centers influences students’ choices of communication strategies in email writing. The use of two politeness strategies nam...

A mobile ad-hoc network consists of a collection of mobile nodes which can communicate with each other with the help of wireless links without the help of any pre-existing communication infrastructure. Due to the lack of infrastructure in these type of networks, nodes itself can act as a routers and relay the packets from source to destination. There are so many routing protocols used in MANET ...

Given a communication network or a road network one of the most natural algorithmic question is how to determine the shortest path from one point to another. In this paper we deal with one of the most fundamental problems of Graph Theory, the All Pairs Shortest Path (APSP) problem. We study three algorithms namely The FloydWarshall algorithm, APSP via Matrix Multiplication and the Johnson’s alg...

This paper considers finite lattice paths formed from the set of step vectors {→, ↗,↘, ↑, and ↓} with the restriction that vertical steps (↑, ↓) can not be consecutive. We provide a recurrence relation for enumerating paths that terminate a horizontal distance n and vertical distance m from the starting point and apply the relation to paths which are restricted to the first quadrant and paths w...