What is a “diffusion coefficient” or “diffusion tensor” in living tissue, anyway? While the measurement of the self-diffusivity in an NMR tube represents a "gold standard", in complex media particularly in living tissue, water “diffusivity” ceases to have a clear meaning or definition. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and apparent diffusion tensor (ADT) concepts were introduced to answe...

Abstract—In order to prevent encountering unpredictable factors, geotechnical engineers always conduct numerical analysis for braced excavation design. Simulation work in advance can predict the response of subsequent excavation and thus will be designed to increase the security coefficient of construction. The parameters that are considered include geological conditions, soil properties, soil ...

The influence of a uniform driving force on tracer diffusion is investigated for a one-dimensional lattice gas where particles jump stochastically to unoccupied neighboring sites. A new, simple calculation is presented for the diffusion coefficient of a tracer particle with respect to its average drift, obtained recently by rigorous methods by De Masi and Ferrari. A theoretical expression descr...

PURPOSE Anterior hyoid displacement is essential for efficient swallowing and is usually investigated with videofluoroscopy. Ultrasound offers a less expensive and noninvasive method of investigation. The present study investigated the viability of a novel method of quantifying hyoid displacement from sonograms using an anatomic reference point, through an evaluation of inter- and intra-rater r...

By cross-correlating successive ultrasonic scans of the biological tissue that is excited by a transient source on the surface, recent experiments show that elastic wave displacement during the interval between the two scans can be measured everywhere in the tissue. Assuming that we know the displacement history, w(t, x), of a propagating shear wave everywhere, we identify the stiffness change ...

numerical methods such as boundary element and finite element methods are widely used for the stress analysis in solid mechanics. this study presents boundary element method based on the displacement discontinuity formulation to solve general problems of interaction between hydraulic fracturing and discontinuities. the crack tip element and a higher order boundary displacement collocation techn...

physical characteristics of agricultural products are the most important parameters in the design of grading, conveying, processing and packaging systems. among these physical characteristics, volume, mass, projected area and center of gravity are the most important for sizing systems. in this study, the segmentation method was used to estimate lemon volume. a total of 50 randomly selected lemo...

This paper presents a method to measure the displacements fields on the surface of a planar object with sub-pixel resolution, by combining image correlation and a differential technique. First, a coarse approximation of the pixel level displacement is obtained by cross correlation (CC). Two consecutive images, taken before and after the application of a given deformation, are recursively split ...