Some kinds of decompositions of r-disjunctive languages on an arbitrary alphabet will be investigated. We will show that an f-disjunctive (t-disjunctive) language can be divided into two parts and either one part of them is an f-disjunctive (t-disjunctive) language or both parts are r-disjunctive but not f-disjunctive (t-disjunctive) languages. Finally, a relevant result of H. J. Shyr and S. S....

In the practice of interpolating near-surface soil moisture measured by a wireless sensor network (WSN) grid, traditional Kriging methods with auxiliary variables, such as Co-kriging and Kriging with external drift (KED), cannot achieve satisfactory results because of the heterogeneity of soil moisture and its low correlation with the auxiliary variables. This study developed an Extended Krigin...

When analysing data from computationally expensive simulation codes or process measurements, surrogate modelling methods are firmly established as facilitators for design space exploration, sensitivity analysis, visualisation and optimisation. Kriging is a popular surrogate modelling technique for data based on deterministic computer experiments. There exist several types of Kriging, mostly dif...

This article reviews Kriging (also called spatial correlation modeling). It presents the basic Kriging assumptions and formulas—contrasting Kriging and classic linear regression metamodels. Furthermore, it extends Kriging to random simulation, and discusses bootstrapping to estimate the variance of the Kriging predictor. Besides classic one-shot statistical designs such as Latin Hypercube Sampl...

This paper presents the application of Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) and Kriging from GIS (ArcGIS8.3) in disease mapping through the analysis of hepatitis B in China. The research shows that geostatistical analysis techniques such as Kriging and ESDA have a good effect in disease mapping. Kriging methods can express properly the spatial correlation. Furthermore, unlike model-based me...

Spatial estimations are increasingly used to estimate geocoded ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations in epidemiologic studies because measures of daily PM concentrations are unavailable in most U.S. locations. This study was conducted to a) assess the feasibility of large-scale kriging estimations of daily residential-level ambient PM concentrations, b) perform and compare cross-valida...

This paper applies a novel Kriging model to the interpolation of stochastic simulation with high computational expense. The novel Kriging model is developed by using Taylor expansion to construct a drift function for Kriging, thus named Taylor Kriging. The interpolation capability of Taylor Kriging for stochastic simulation is empirically compared with those of Simple Kriging and Ordinary Krigi...

The methods of simple and disjunctive kriging are applied and compared in the estimation of optimum locations of recording raingauges as part of a network for the determination of storm characteristics to be used in forecasting and design. Some advantages are shown but problems arise when there are large differences in storm structures and movements. Another source of uncertainty is in the mode...

In geostatistics, spatial data will be analysed that often come from irregularly distributed sampling locations. Interest is in modelling the data, i.e. estimating distributional parameters, and then to predict the phenomenon under study at unobserved sites within the corresponding sampling domain. The method of universal kriging for spatial prediction was introduced to cover the problem of spa...

In geostatistics, spatial data will be analysed that often come from irregularly distributed sampling locations. Interest is in modelling the data, i.e. estimating distributional parameters, and then to predict the phenomenon under study at unobserved sites within the corresponding sampling domain. The method of universal kriging for spatial prediction was introduced to cover the problem of spa...