Studies were conducted to determine a disease outbreak in 14 day old post-larvae of abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta) which caused mass mortality in July 2010 in Shanwei, China. Twenty-nine bacterial strains were isolated from a sample pool of 10 diseased post-larval abalones on 2216E marine agar plates during a natural outbreak of the disease. Among them, a dominant isolate (referred ...

American foulbrood is a disease of the larvae of the honeybee caused by a sporeforming organism, Bacillus larvae White (1920), and is considered the most serious of all bee diseases. The unusual resistance of the spores to heat and disinfectants (White, 1920; Sturtevant, 1926; Burnside, 1940) has resulted in the development of a variety of methods for control based on their effectiveness in des...

The hydrocarbons in extractable lipids of haemolymph from healthy and diseased larvae of the Japanese beetle (Popillia japoniea) have been characterized. Haemolymph contains at least 21 saturated hydrocarbons having from 21 to 27 carbon atoms. Normal, monomethyl-branched, and dimethylbranched alkanes with even and odd carbon numbers were identified. Tricosane (12%), ll-methyltricosane (19%), 9,...

Cannibalism is uncommon in most species despite being taxonomically widespread. This rarity is surprising, because cannibalism can confer important nutritional and competitive advantages to the cannibal. A general, but untested, explanation for why cannibalism is rare is that cannibals may be especially likely to acquire pathogens from conspecifics, owing to greater genetic similarity among con...

developmental periodsof thegrapevine aphid, aphis illinoisensis shimer (hemiptera: aphididae) on the grape, vitis vinifera l., and its two parasitoid species, lysiphlebus testaceipes (cresson) (exotic) (hymenoptera: braconidae: aphidiinae) and aphelinus albipodus hayat and fatima (indigenous) (hymenoptera: aphelinidae) were studied at two constant temperatures (20 and 25 ± 2 oc), 70 ± 5 % r.h. ...

Whole-genome and whole-exome sequence data from large numbers of individuals reveal that we all carry many variants predicted to inactivate genes (knockouts). This discovery raises questions about the phenotypic consequences of these knockouts and potentially allows us to study human gene function through the investigation of homozygous loss-of-function carriers. Here, we discuss strategies, re...

Susceptibility of the goldfish to infection with the newly hatched second stage larvae of Contracaecum rudolphii was investigated under laboratory condition. A week after the larvae had been placed in the fish tank, the autopsied goldfish showed the nematodes in their intestine lumen. The majority of the larvae were dead. In week 2 and 3 of exposure, the larvae were being found exclusively in t...

Dried, fresh and glycolic extracts of Zingiber officinale were obtained to evaluate the action against G. mellonella survival assay against Enterococcus faecalis infection. Eighty larvae were divided into: 1) E. faecalis suspension (control); 2) E. faecalis + fresh extract of Z. officinale (FEO); 3) E. faecalis + dried extract of Z. officinale (DEO); 4) E. faecalis + glycolic extract of Z. offi...

background : ascaridia galli , the largest nematode of small intestine of birds, especially the native poultry, may give rise to serious illness, pathological defects and economical losses even in modern poultry production systems. although various measures have been undertaken to vaccinate poultry against a.galli , no satisfactory results were obtained so far. however, there is no report on th...