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We found no evidence that consumers benefit from government-mandated disclaimers in advertising. Experiments and common experience show that admonishments to change or avoid behaviors often have effects opposite to those intended.We found 18 experimental studies that provided evidence relevant to mandatory disclaimers. Mandated messages increased confusion in all, and were ineffective or harmfu...

Research has shown that idealized beauty presented in mass media can have a detrimental effect on body satisfaction, and these images often stem from digital alterations. Consequently, countries like France Israel employ disclaimers inform viewers about the use of such modifications. Previous research, primarily conducted with adult women, pointed out are ineffective reducing perceived realism ...

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) digital health products, especially personal ECG monitoring devices, have grown exponentially. Marketing studies show that ∼70% of consumers never click beyond the 1st search engine results page (SERP) an online e-commerce (e-comm) site and frequently purchase from few products listed. Whether majority devices available on e-comm platforms in United States are FDA clear...