OBJECTIVES The purpose of the DEFINITIVE Ca(++) study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of directional atherectomy and distal embolic protection, used together to treat moderate to severely calcified femoropopliteal lesions. BACKGROUND Despite advances in endovascular treatment modalities, treatment of calcified lesions remains a challenge. METHODS A total of 133 subjects with 16...

Preserving source location privacy in wireless sensor networks can be critical for several practical applications. Existing solutions proposed specifically for sensor networks rely on a combination of dynamic routing and dummy traffic to hide real event messages. While some privacy protection guarantees can be given, these solutions also tend to be expensive due to fake transmissions and non-sh...

This paper reports on the development of integrated protection for power system. The background of the development is firstly introduced, in which a centralized protection system (or relay) provides the protection of multiple power plant or a substation. A novel integrated protection scheme for distribution system based on overcurrent protection technique is described. In the proposed scheme, s...

The introduction of distributed energy resources (DER) in radial parts of the grid, at low and mediumvoltage levels, may adversely impact the operation of the protection. Synchronous and induction generators contribute to the fault current, creating a second path next to the fault-current contribution from the grid. This may lead to fail-to-trip as well as incorrect trip of protection based on ...

Evaluation of a regional air-quality model with bi-directional NH3 exchange coupled to an agro-ecosystem model J. O. Bash, E. J. Cooter, R. L. Dennis, J. T. Walker, and J. E. Pleim National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US Environmental Prot...

This thesis describes how to provide standardized, current based, differential protection for any three-phase power transformer, including phase-shifting transformers with variable phase angle shift and transformers of all construction types and internal on-load tap-changer configurations. The use of standard transformer differential protection for such applications is considered impossible in ...

Abstract Distributed bus protection is one of the main tasks smart substation construction to improve secondary system because it economical, simple, easy layout, and realize double. This paper mainly considers that distributed current differential limited by high precision synchronization bandwidth a based on directional impedance element comparison principle proposed. The constructed reverse ...