Abstract Hydrophobic metakaolin-based flat sheet membrane was developed via phase inversion and sintering technique modified through 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane grafting agents. The prepared characterized by different techniques such as XRD, FTIR, SEM, contact angle, porosity, mechanical strength. Their results indicated that the wettability, structural, properties of confirm suit...

An integrated membrane distillation (MD) flowsheet, consisting of direct contact (DCMD) and vacuum (VMD) units, was proposed analysed in terms thermal performance water recovery factor, for the first time. The same lab-scale module (40 cm2) used carrying out experiments DCMD VMD at fixed feed operating conditions (deionised 230 L/h ~40 °C) while working permeate side with deionised 18 °C a 20 m...