Laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the response of larvae of a susceptible strain of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) from the Rio Grande Valley of south Texas to five classes of insecticides. Test insecticides were permethrin, methamidophos, endosulfan, methomyl and Bacillus thuringiensis. Three monitoring techniques were developed and tested as methods of determining th...

Probabilistic techniques were used to characterize dietary exposure of consumers to pesticides found in twelve commodities implicated as having the greatest potential for pesticide residue contamination by a United States-based environmental advocacy group. Estimates of exposures were derived for the ten most frequently detected pesticide residues on each of the twelve commodities based upon re...

A competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ciELISA) for the organophosphorus insecticide acephate, O,S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate, was developed using a polyclonal antibody. Five different haptens mimicking the analyte were synthesized and conjugated with the carrier proteins bovine serum albumin (BSA) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) by the N-hydroxysuccinimide activ...

To assess the exposure response relation of pyrethroids in spraymen, 50 adult male cotton growers were selected and divided into three groups, one group to spray pyrethroids for one day, two groups to spray for three days. Deltamethrin, fenvalerate, and a deltamethrin methamidophos mixture were sprayed by appropriate subgroups for five hours a day. Exposure levels were evaluated by measuring th...

BACKGROUND China has the world's largest tea plantation area in the world. To sustain high yields of the tea, multiple pesticides are used on tea crops to control pests. Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides are among the most widely used types of agricultural pesticides in China. As tea is a significant potential source of exposure to pesticide residues, the public concern has increased in relation...

Records of 92 cases of acute organophosphorus (OP) insecticide poisoning were analysed. Of the patients 91% were under 30 years of age and 86% were males. The common agents were Dimethoate, Methamidophos, Malathion, Monocrotophos and Fenthion. Poisoning was due to ingestion with suicidal intent in the majority. In addition to the acute cholinergic features, the other important manifestations we...