“Difficult” is a very relative terminology and “difficult” to generalize. The various operative procedures done in patients with spastic hand are not technically demanding but assessing and decision making is the real challenge in these patients. There are some difficulties, which I personally encounter while assessing these patients and they have a bearing on the decision making. There are som...

Three-dimensional (3D) geological models are important representations of the results of regional geological surveys. However, the process of constructing 3D geological models from two-dimensional (2D) geological elements remains difficult and is not necessarily robust. This paper proposes a method of migrating from 2D elements to 3D models. First, the geological interfaces were constructed usi...

The problem of estimating the location of facies boundaries is difficult in history matching, partly because of the geological complexity. The truncated plurigaussian method for modeling geologic facies is useful in this aspect not only for the wide variety of textures and shapes that can be generated, but also because of the internal consistency of the stochastic model. This method has not bee...

Recent research has suggested that changes in temperature and precipitation events due to climate change have had a significant impact on the availability and timing of streamflow. In this study, monthly temperature and precipitation data collected over 29 climate divisions covering the entire Colorado River basin and monthly natural flow data from 29 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gauge locatio...

Geology is a complex, semantically rich domain involving the interpretation of geological maps as external visualizations. Geological maps are complex in particular because 3dimensional features must be inferred from 2-dimensional representations depicted by differing line types and weights. Modeling building, as an internal mental activity, is also required in order to achieve deep understandi...

There has clearly been significant volcanic activity on the surface of Venus in recent geological epochs and there is a great deal of indirect evidence that this may continue at the present time. However, the current level of activity is unknown and remains controversial, with estimates for the rate of emission of volcanic gases into the atmosphere ranging from essentially quiescent to very hig...