OBJECTIVE To give an overview of the evaluation of the modified diet history applied in the SENECA study (Survey in Europe on Nutrition and the Elderly; a Concerted Action). DESIGN Nineteen centres in 12 countries participated at baseline. Nine of these SENECA centres conducted a repeat measurement scheme in elderly people born between 1913 and 1918. These longitudinal centres included 100 su...

Introduction Hominin teeth are important for telling us about the dietary strategy of these extinct species. In particular, the degree of megadontia allows inferences into how mechanically demanding a diet was. Extremely large molars with molarized premolars are an indication of an extremely demanding diet, consisting of hard objects. In contrast, small molars in comparison to the incisors indi...

Concrete is a remarkable structural material that has been widely used in the modern age. Nevertheless, natural causes that affect durability and consequently service life of concrete are related with surface damage and cracking of the material. Cracks can influence functionality for liquid retaining structures and can also decrease durability due ingress of water and ions towards steel reinfor...

BACKGROUND Limited evidence exists about the role of education and own educational mobility on body weight trajectory. A better understanding of how education influences long term weight gain can help us to design more effective health policies. METHODS Using random effects models, the association between i) highest education (n = 10 018) and ii) educational mobility over a 9 year period (n =...

BACKGROUND While studies have attributed the favourable birth outcomes of Mexico-born mothers in the USA to a 'healthy immigrant effect' that confers protection to immigrants, a comparison of immigrants with the source population in Mexico has been lacking. We compared preterm delivery (PTD) rates of Mexico-born immigrants who delivered in California with Mexico-born women who delivered in Mexi...

OBJECTIVE To determine the value of maternal height and weight data on birth certificate records when estimating prevalence of overweight and obese adults at the neighborhood level. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Regression analysis was used to determine how much variation in the percentage of the adult population with a body mass index (BMI) of >/= 25 (based on survey data) could be accounted f...

This study examined the capabilities of an ultraendurance athlete to self-regulate their diet during an attempt on the record for the longest period of stationary cycling. The attempt required the athlete to complete at least 20 km/hr, with a 15 minute break allowed every eight hours. Laboratory tests determined a heart rate-oxygen consumption regression equation enabling calculation of energy ...

The validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was evaluated against four 7-d diet records among 23 men aged 27-70 y. Volunteer women recorded the amounts of all foods and beverages consumed by their husbands or fathers over a period of 7 d in four consecutive seasons in 1997 and 1998, and a self-administered FFQ was answered by each man after completion of the fourth diet record. The die...

Because of potential significance of fecal mutagens and secondary bile acids in the pathogenesis of colonic cancer and of inverse association between dietary fiber and colonic cancer risk, the effect of dietary wheat and rye fiber on fecal mutagenic activity and bile acid levels was studied in 15 healthy men and women who were consuming high fat/moderately low fiber diets and excreting high lev...