A diverse group of diseases can cause skin conditions in the diaper area including those which are directly caused by diapers or the diaper environment, some which are not directly due to, but are worsened by, the wearing of diapers, and those which are independent of the presence of the diaper or its resulting environment. Many of these conditions are limited to this area of the skin, but othe...

A 5 year old girl with thoracic empyema developed a scarlatiniform rash and acral desquamation. Cultures from blood, throat, and pleural fluid all grew Streptococcus pyogenes, a common etiologic agent of pediatric thoracic empyema. The presence of a scarlatiniform rash and acral desquamation in children with a thoracic empyema may help identify the causative organism.

Despite being an uncommon disease in pediatrics, the incidence of syphilis has increased in the last years both in Europe and in the United States. Upon a suggestive clinical presentation, especially if including genital lesions and palmar rash, secondary syphilis must be included in the differential diagnosis.

Cleansing and care of the diaper area require special consideration to maintain barrier function of the skin in this area and repair the barrier when it is compromised. Diaper dermatitis occurs commonly; understanding and modification of predisposing factors are imperative for caregivers. In this paper, we review important factors in diaper area care, including skin pH, the local microbiome, ir...

We describe two neonates in whom chikungunya infection was confirmed by RNA PCR. Important clinical features include apnea, fever, erythematous maculo-papular rash and generalized hyperpigmentation.

Background: Inflammation caused by diapers is one of the most common skin diseases in infants and children all over the world. Among the current therapies, modern chemical medicines are the most common ways of therapy despite their potential risks. In the present study, a variety of available chemical and complementary therapies are presented to facilitate the selection or further research on t...

On 28 August 2009, French authorities reported five cases of chikungunya fever on Reunion Island: three confirmed, one probable, and one suspected case under investigation. All three confirmed patients presented with an acute febrile syndrome, arthralgia, myalgia and cutaneaous rash. All live in the same area on the western side of the island.

Inverse psoriasis is a disorder of intertriginous areas of the skin that can easily masquerade as candidal intertrigo. Candidal rashes are commonly encountered in primary care and typically respond promptly to therapy. When treatment fails, nonadherence to treatment and medication resistance often are suspected; however, the possibility of an incorrect diagnosis should also be entertained. This...

Fournier’s gangrene is an uncommon form of necrotizing fasciitis in children. It needs prompt diagnosis and treatment to avoid the high morbidity and mortality. In the present study we are reporting a 3 months old infant with Fournier’s gangrene predisposed by diaper rash due to poor hygiene. The infant was treated by debridement and primary repair with a good outcome.