sociability of educational spaces is crucial to the quality of education because a major part of learning takes place through attending public spaces, acting in spaces, social interaction with peers, and collective life in public spaces. sociability provides for the users’ social needs. the present study seeks to explore the development of sociability in educational spaces through increasing op...

In the best practices, planning of urban green spaces is managed in such a way that it follows the key principles such as meeting per capita standards and providing accessible and balanced distribution of these spaces all across the city. In the context of emerging economy, these principles are unfortunately not followed strictly all times. In this study, it is attempted to investigate Tabriz c...

'Space and place are central to the strategies and meaning of protest’ (p. xi) reads the opening sentence of Katrina Navickas's latest study, Protest and the Politics of Space and Place 1789–1848. Written, in part, as a response to the 'spatial turn' in History, Navickas makes a cogent and persuasive argument for attending to the importance of the particularities of 'place' rather than the abst...

Development of commercial web systems is laborious, lengthy and costly. This is partly due to the fact that the methods of their development can hardly cope with the complexity of provided services. Such services may need to be distributed and collaborative, require sophisticated software architecture, be rich in form, content and interactivity, and have a wide range of potentially casual users...

the rapid and sprawl development city in recent decades has created many problems for cities and causing instability in urban environments. the late twentieth century these problems caused a revision in urban planning models and introduction of new models such as the infill development. studies show that third world countries like iran are faced with sprawl development model and should take the...

the increasing rate of urbanization and rate of population growth over the 20th century has led to various problems such as traffic congestion, air pollution, and lack of open and green spaces that have affected the cities and their citizen's life. this condition has led to increasing demands for more land use, homes, and work places, more public transport and mass transit systems and mode...

A field study was conducted on a team of collaborating designers who used a variety of internet-based media to co-ordinate their activities. The paper focuses on their work practices, specifically those of their conversational resources in organising collaboration and structuring their workspaces for future reuse. The team was interdisciplinary and both locally (office spaces spread over a sing...