Individuals tend to explain the characteristics of others with reference to an underlying essence, a tendency that has been termed psychological essentialism. Drawing on current conceptualizations of essentialism as a fundamental mode of social thinking, and on prior studies investigating belief in genetic determinism (BGD) as a component of essentialism, we argue that BGD cannot constitute the...

Our primary goal is to design a microworld which aspires to research thinking-inchange about distribution. Our premise, in line with a constructivist approach and our prior research, is that thinking about distribution must develop from causal meanings already established. This study reports on a design research study of how students appear to exploit their appreciation of causal control to con...

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has become a popular search technique for playing multi-player games over the past few years. In this paper we propose a technique called Playout Search. This enhancement allows the use of small searches in the playout phase of MCTS in order to improve the reliability of the playouts. We investigate max, Paranoid and BRS for Playout Search and analyze their perfor...

Counterfactual thoughts are based on the assumption that one situation could result in multiple possible outcomes. This assumption underlies most theories of free will and contradicts deterministic views that there is only one possible outcome of any situation. Three studies tested the hypothesis that stronger belief in free will would lead to more counterfactual thinking. Experimental manipula...

We review the topic of stochastic epidemic modeling with emphasis on compartmental stochastic models. A main theme is the usefulness of the correspondence between these and their large population deterministic limits, which describe dynamical systems. The dynamics of an ODE system informs us of the deterministic skeleton upon which the behavior of corresponding stochastic systems are built. In ...

The concept of energetic particle reservoirs, essentially based on the assumption presence outer reflecting boundaries/magnetic mirrors or diffusion barriers (deterministic) rather than effect diffusive propagation (stochastic) in magnetic turbulence, has been used for decades to describe space-extended decay phases events within fields space physics, solar and plasma physics. Using five-dimens...

In this paper, we show that for any BL-general L-fuzzy automaton (BL-GLFA) there exists a complete deterministic accessible reduced BL-general L-fuzzy automaton that recognizing the behavior of the BL-GLFA. Also, we prove that for any finite realization β, there exists a minimal complete deterministic BL-GLFA recognizing β. We prove any complete deterministic accessible reduced BL-GLFA is a min...