The design of a hybrid stepper motor for achieving a specific performance necessitates the choice of appropriate tooth geometry. In this paper, a detailed account of the results of twodimensional and three-dimensional finite-element (FE) analyses, conducted with different tooth width/tooth pitch ratios (t/X) and also with various tooth/slot shapes such as rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, a...

Conventional manual transmissions suffer from deterioration due to wear and reduced responsiveness. Therefore, a linear electromagnetic actuator (LEA) for gear shifting has been developed. Since the LEA is direct drive, it prevents high In addition, this holding force by detent at three points. paper, sensorless position estimation performed simplify system. one coil not energized during drivin...

The permanent magnet linear generator is widely applied in the direct-drive wave energy converter (DD-WEC) because of its high power density. In this paper, a novel tubular generator, which consists multilayer and interior magnets (MI-TLPMGs), presented for DD-WEC, improves output back electromotive force (back EMF) through flux concentrating effect. However, MI-TLPMGs with embedded have severe...

Double-sided permanent magnet linear synchronous machine with 120° phase belt toroidal windings (120°-TWDSPMLSM) suffers from large detent force due to the end effect and slot effect. Many existing methods can reduce of 120°-TWDSPMLSM effectively. But they also minimize back electromotive (back-EMF) thrust simultaneously. To alleviate this problem, paper adopts a method combining slot-shift str...

In the direct drive motion system, there are obvious feedback harmonics caused by various disturbances, which have important influence on thrust characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMSLM). This paper presents detent force for system. Firstly, Maxwell's equation and Schwarz–Christoffel (SC) mapping-based method used to accurately establish magnetic field model in air-ga...