human factors issues associated with roadway design and operations are critical components of improving highway safety. first, the three major components of highway safety are driver behavior, vehicle safety, and roadway safety. the general philosophy in roadside safety follows the priorities of (1) remove the hazard, (2) relocate the hazard, (3) make the hazard forgiving, and (4) shield the ha...

Restricted by the rolling terrains of mountainous areas in western parts of China, long steep downgrades are very common in mountainous freeways. Influenced by the factors like high altitude, big elevation differences, and the severe weather condition e.g. black ice, heavy snow and thick fog, most long steep downgrades turn to traffic accident prone sites. Moreover, once traffic accident happen...

the objective of this work was to develop bioadhesive topical gel of aceclofenac with the help of response-surface approach. experiments were performed according to a 3-level factorial design to evaluate the effects of two independent variables [amount of poloxamer 407 (pl-407 = x1) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose k100 m (hpmc = x2)] on the bioadhesive character of gel, rheological property o...

safety and failure in gas pipelines are very important in gas and petroleum industry. for this reason, it is important to study the effect of different parameters in order to reach the maximum safety in design and application. in this paper, a three dimensional finite element analysis is carried out to study the effect of crack length, crack depth, crack position, internal pressure and pipe thi...

the reliable operation of spillways, in emergency as well as normal conditions, is one of the vital components in dam safety. free or uncontrolled overflow spillways are the most reliable choice however. they usually impose higher construction cost and /or results in wasting a considerable amount of water or live capacity of the reservoirs. employing fuse gates might be a way of reconciling dam...

Safety properties of critical software are consequences of the application safety properties (i.e. the front collision of two trains must not occur), and of the system design choices. This paper presents the first results of a SNCF and CESIR join research project which purpose is to design a constructive and formal method to derive, at each design level, the safety properties of subsystems from...