To the Editor: A defi nitive diagnosis of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle usually relies on Western blot and immunohistochemical testing of samples from the obex region of the brainstem. These conventional diagnostic tests can detect the presence of the abnormal (disease-associated) form of the prion protein (PrPSc) in brain samples several months before the onset of clinical s...

charcot-marie-tooth disease (cmt) is the most common inherited neurological disorder, affecting both motor and sensory peripheral nerves. neurophysiological patterns divide cmt into three main groups: demyelinating cmt1 (upper limb motor nerve conduction velocity (mncv) <38 m/s), axonal cmt2 (mncv >38 m/s) and intermediate cmt (mncv 25-45 m/s). cmt has been also categorized based on the mode of...

of 54°C, and 45 amplifi cation cycles. PCR blanks containing all reagents except for DNA and extraction blanks were included in every PCR set. Results of the amplifi cation reactions are listed in the Table. All accompanied extraction and PCR controls remained free of amplifi cation products. All amplicons resulting from suicide PCRs were sequenced. Amplicons resulting from the use of primer pa...

homogeneously staining regions (hsr) or double minute chromosomes (dmin) are autonomously replicating extra-chromosomal elements that are frequently associated with gene amplifi cation in a variety of cancers. the diagnosis of leukemia patients was based on characterization of the leukemic cells obtained from bone marrow cytogenetics. this study report two cases, one with acute myeloblastic leu...

The present investigation was aimed at studying 1.26 kb αS2-casein promoter gene in αS2casein gene locus between the three buffalo breeds. αS2 -casein promoter gene was amplifi ed by PCR using oligonucleotide primers standardized for Bos taurus species. The sizes of the amplifi cation products were similar. PCR amplicons are subjected to restriction digestion by the enzyme Eco RV, only an intac...

This methodological paper provides a detailed description of a novel ultralowABSTRACT noise preand main-amplifi er system designed for the extracellular recording of voltage spikes produced by neuronal action potentials. The main diffi culties with extracellular recording are the unwanted electrical signals that lower the recording quality. They include destructive interferences by alternating ...

an d d up lic at io n SPD2 (Ce, Dm)/ CEP192 (Hs) No centriole duplication (Ce); <PCM recruited (Ce, Dm, and Hs); no basal body duplication (Dm) Asterless (Dm)/ CEP152 (Dr, Hs) Aberrant PCM recruitment (Dm) and centriole duplication (Dm and Dr) γ-Tubulin (Dm, Hs, Tt, Pt)/TBG (Ce) Aberrant centriole duplication (Ce, Hs, Tt), centriole structure and separation (Pt, Dm) Overexpression: de novo form...

The gene for the ß 3 (GPIIIa) subunit of the integrin α IIb ß 3 (GPIIb-IIIa) present on the platelet membrane contains the platelet antigen alleles (PlA) in a homozygous form (Pl/) or the heterozygous or polymorphic form (Pl/) in humans. This GPIIIa subunit serves as a receptor for adhesive proteins (viz. fi brinogen and von Willebrand factor) and is critical for platelet aggregation. The struc...

Optimisation of the reagents used to perform PCR is critical for reliable and reproducible results. As with any PCR initial time spent on optimisation of a real-time assay will be benefi cial in the long run. Specifi city, sensitivity, effi ciency and reproducibility are the important criteria to consider when optimising an assay and these can be altered by changes in the primer concentration, ...