with the development of restructured power systems and increase of prices in some hours of day and increase fuel price, demand response programs were noticed more by customers. demand response consists of a series of activities that governments or utilities design to change the amount or time of electric energy consumption, to achieve better social welfare or some times for maximizing the benef...

Wind imposes costs on power systems due to uncertainty and variability of real-time resource availability. Stochastic programming and demand response are offered as two possible solutions to mitigate these so-called wind-uncertainty costs. We examine the benefits of these two solutions, and show that although both will reduce wind-uncertainty costs, demand response is significantly more effecti...

In order to carry out rapid response of design of products, aimed at problems existed in realm cooperation during the design process of mechanical equipment, this paper proposes design mode of mechanical equipment based on cloud environment, implementation method of cloudy domain analysis on design demand and mapping technology, serial expand strategy on discrete design resource and strategy in...

Demand response (DR) extends customer participation to power systems and results in a paradigm shift from simplex to interactive operation in power systems due to the advancement of smart grid technology. Therefore, it is important to model the customer characteristics in DR. This paper proposes customer information as the registration and participation information of DR, thus providing indices...

Rapid “urbanization” (more than 50% of world’s population now resides in cities) coupled with the natural lack of coordination in usage of common resources (ex: bikes, ambulances, taxis, traffic personnel, attractions) has a detrimental effect on a wide variety of response (ex: waiting times, response time for emergency needs) and coverage metrics (ex: predictability of traffic/security patrols...

This paper investigates the implications of an intertemporally dependent demand structure in the market for an exhaustible resource. The demand structure is derived endogenously in a partial equilibrium model where price-taking users combine the resource with capital to produce final output. It is shown that, when demand for the resource is modelled explicitly as a derived demand, the common as...

Long-term demand forecasting presents the first step in planning and developing future generation, transmission and distribution facilities. One of the primary tasks of an electric utility accurately predicts load demand requirements at all times, especially for long-term. Based on the outcome of such forecasts, utilities coordinate their resources to meet the forecasted demand using a least-co...