Introduction: Osteoarthrosis (OA), degenerative articular cartilage disease is a chronic inflammatory arthropathy involving joint elements (subchondral bone, synovial membrane, hyaline and others). It due to disorder in the regulation between degradation synthesis of extracellular matrix cartilage, bone membrane biochemical process mediated by growth factors cytokines which, turn, intervene cou...

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of a nationwide private insurance database. Chi-square analysis and linear regression models were utilized for outcome measures. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate any relationship between lumbar degenerative disc disease, diabetes, obesity and smoking tobacco. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Diabetes, obesity, and smoking tobacco are comorbid co...

background: alkaptonuria (aku) or ochronosis is a rare progressive degenerative arthropathy that results from deficiency of enzyme homogentisate 1,2 dioxygenase (hgd). the features include arthritis of the spine and in larger peripheral joints, with chondrocalcinosis. in this paper, we present a case of alkaptonuria in a 54 year old woman in tehran, iran. case presentation: a 54 year old woman ...

background & aim: the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the pain of patients with spondylolisthesis who had undergone either of the surgery techniques: posterolateral fusion (plf) or posterior lumbar interbody fusion (plif). methods & materials/patients: in a prospective observational study, 102 surgical candidates with low grade degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis were e...

after central nervous system (cns) injuries, the regeneration process does not work out well except for remyelination process. this remyelination capacity in cns can be mentioned as a worthy example of stem/precursor cell-mediated renewal process. remyelination in cns is mediated by schwann cells which act mainly as remyelinating agents in peripheral nervous system (pns) but several studies hav...

This paper reviews the current literature examining the pervasive symptom of fatigue experienced in three of the most common degenerative neurological conditions: multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and post-polio syndrome (PPS). The existing literature can be considered under four headings definition and prevalence, type, cause, impact of fatigue. Fatigue is a common symptom in d...

this paper reviews the current literature examining the pervasive symptom of fatigue experienced in three of the most common degenerative neurological conditions: multiple sclerosis (ms), parkinson’s disease (pd) and post-polio syndrome (pps). the existing literature can be considered under four headings definition and prevalence, type, cause, impact of fatigue. fatigue is a common symptom in d...