N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide, also known as DEET or m-DET, is an aromatic amide that is an effective insect repellent for control of biting flies, biting midges, black flies, chiggers, deer flies, fleas, gnats, horse flies, mosquitoes, nosee-ums, sand flies, small flying insects, stable flies, and ticks. DEET was first developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for military use in 1946 and was ...

Laboratory tests were conducted to study the response of Anopheles dirus and Aedes albopictus to repellent formulations containing diethyl methylbenzamide (deet) and dimethyl phthalate. Anopheles dirus was tolerant of low concentrations of deet (5-20%), and formulations containing < or = 35% deet provided protection for < or = 90 min. In contrast, Ae. albopictus was sensitive to these formulati...

Laboratory tests of commercial repellent formulations were conducted against Anopheles farauti Laveran, Culex annulirostris Skuse, Ochlerotatus vigilax (Skuse) and Stegomyia aegypti (L.). The majority of repellent formulations tested contain N,N,-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (also known as diethyl-m-toluamide, commonly called deet). Two formulations containing picaridin (1-piperidinecarboxylate ac...

A rapid and highly sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for simultaneous determination of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin with (2)H(10)-phenanthrene (98 atom %) as an internal standard and a separate external standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for pyridostigmine bromide (PB) determination in human plasma were developed and valida...

PURPOSE DEET and oxybenzone are two essential active ingredients in repellent and sunscreen products. The percutaneous permeation of the two compounds across human skin from five commercially available repellent and sunscreen products was investigated in vitro. METHODS Diffusion studies were carried out at 37 degrees C, using Franz-style diffusion cells and human epidermis (380 microm in thic...

Repellent efficacy of N,N-diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide (deet), the piperidine, 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine (AI3-37220), and a 1:1 ratio of deet + AI3-37220 were evaluated topically (0.25 mg/cm2 applied in ethanol solution) on human volunteers against the mosquito Aedes communis (DeGeer) and the black fly Simulium venustum Say. The average repellency of all three formulations ...

Exposure to N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) commonly occurs in the general population and has been implicated as a contributory factor to the Gulf War Illness. The focus of the present studies was to determine the effect of coexposure factors, potentially encountered in a military environment, that could modulate transdermal flux of topically applied DEET. Factors investigated were vehicle, dose...

Quwenling, an insect repellent product of China derived from extracts of the lemon eucalyptus plant (Eucalyptus maculata citriodon), was evaluated. Laboratory tests compared Quwenling with deet against Anopheles albimanus, An. quadrimaculatus, Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and field tests with Ae. taeniorhynchus. Cloth treated with Quwenling at greater than 2x the dosage of deet was effective a...

The insect repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), is a multimodal compound that acts as a spatial repellent as well as an irritant (contact repellent), thus being perceived by the insect's olfactory and gustatory systems as an odorant and a tastant, respectively. Soon after DEET was developed, almost 6 decades ago, it was reported that it reduced mosquito feeding on blood mixed with th...

Insect repellents are important prophylactic tools for travelers and populations living in endemic areas of malaria, dengue, encephalitis, and other vector-borne diseases. DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) is a 6-decade-old synthetic repellent, which is still considered the gold standard of mosquito repellents. Mosquitoes use their sense of smell to detect DEET, but there are currently two h...