According to the life cycle model of technological evolution, after the emergence of a dominant design, technological product industries undergo an “era of incremental change.” This era of incremental change is not well understood in the existing literature. Although the period is typically characterized in terms of stability and minimal innovation, we find that the era of incremental change ca...

Pertussis was first recognized as an epidemic disease in the 16th century. The classic illness is a three-stage illness (catarrhal, spasmodic, and convalescent), with a distinctive cough, and its characteristics today are similar to those in the prevaccine era. In the prevaccine era, the calculated attack rate was 872/100,000 population, and the majority of cases occurred in children <5 years o...

Several countries of Asia, including Malaysia, have in recent years experienced spectacular economic growth and social change. This, together with declining fertility rates and mortality rates, and accompanying increased expectation of life at birth have resulted in rapid population ageing of these countries. However, relative to the developed countries, where fertility and mortality declines, ...

1% in 2000. Although the objective was far from being reached (the current rate being close to 2%), in 2000 Mexico had 53 million inhabitants fewer than it would have had if fertility had remained at its 1970 level. The population pyramids of 1930, 1970 and 2000 clearly illustrate this dynamics (Figure 2). In 1930 the population was beginning to recover from the aftereffects of the Revolution a...

This article investigates historical trends of mean shot durations in 9,400 English-language and 1,550 non-English-language movies released between 1912 and 2013. For the sound-era movies of both sets there is little evidence indicating anything other than a linear decline plotted on a logarithmic scale, with the English-language set providing stronger results. In a subsample of 24 English-lang...

Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a well-described and potentially fatal complication of acute myocardial infarctions. In the era of early reperfusion therapy, the incidence has been on the decline. We describe a case of delayed presentation inferior myocardial infarction complicated by VSR requiring early surgery and review our center's experience.

The rise and decline of private sector unionization were among the more important features of the U.S. labor market during the twentieth century. Following a dramatic spurt in unionization after passage of the depression-era National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935, union density peaked in the mid-1950s, and then began a continuous decline. At the end of the century, the percentage of privat...

shari&apos;atnameh writing as a prescription in political jurisprudence has been of particular importance in islamic political thought. this paper tries to focus on thought of fadhlollah ibn ruzbahan khonji, the last shari&apos;atnameh writer in middle ages in the era consolidation of power of shiite government, shah ismail i, safavid king and the decline of the caliphate. the paper tries to an...

BACKGROUND Pediatric vaccination has resulted in declines in disease in unvaccinated individuals through decreasing pathogen circulation in the community. About 2 years after implementation of pediatric rotavirus vaccination in the United States, dramatic declines in rotavirus disease were observed in both vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Whether this protection extends to adults is unknow...