background and aims. the aim of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on gingival recession in smoking and non-smoking young adults. materials and methods. the subjects consisted of 158 adults (75 males and 83 females), including 85 smokers and 73 non-smokers, with an age range of 18-33 years. all the subjects were clinically examined and answered questions reg...

The Great Recession of 2007-2009 is regarded as the most severe economic downturn since World War II. This study examined relationships between reported recession hardships and physical health in a national survey of American adults (N = 1275). Furthermore, education and psychological resources (perceived control, purpose in life, and conscientiousness) were tested as moderators of the health i...

Objectives: The Tehran Stock Exchange fell in recession in December 2013, as it roughly persisted until the end of 2015. However, there are significant differences in the various industries both in terms of the beginning of recession and in terms of the end of recession. By the evaluation of the Bulls and Bears Markets in the major industries in the Tehran Stock Exchange, the recession contexts...

More than a decade ago Professor Bewley set out to answer a difficult question, “Why don’t wages fall in a recession?” After years of painstaking research, involving literally hundreds of interviews with market participants and many, many hours of decoding unstructured information, he reached the answer. “The only one of the many theories of wage rigidity that seems reasonable is the morale the...

Over the years, Nigeria depends on crude oil proceeds as the major source of national income, foreign exchange and external reserves. This dependence coupled with the huge cost of running and maintaining the political structure among other factors prove disastrous by leading the economy to the worst recession in decades. We therefore, chronicle the origin, effects and way out of the recession v...

background: the aim of this clinical trial study was to clinically evaluate the use of enamel matrix protein derivative combined with the coronally positioned fl ap to treat gingival recession compared to the subepithelial connective tissue graft by a new method to obtain denuded root surface area. materials and methods: thirteen patients, each with two or more similar bilateral miller class i ...

purpose: to evaluate the effect of limited dissection of tenon sheath on the outcome of horizontal strabismus surgery. methods: patients with horizontal strabismus, aged between six and 50 years, were enrolled in this non-randomized study. patients with pattern and vertical strabismus or a history of strabismus surgery were excluded. the strabismus surgeries consisted of bimedial recession (bmr...

OBJECTIVE Provide a detailed discussion of baseline health spending by state of residence (per capita personal health care spending, per enrollee Medicare spending, and per enrollee Medicaid spending) in 2009, over the last decade (1998-2009), as well as the differential regional and state impacts of the recent recession. DATA SOURCE State Health Expenditures by State of Residence for 1991...