background ecstasy or 3-4, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma), as an amphetamine derivate, could lead to learning and memory impairment. objectives as the hippocampus is responsible for learning and memory, herein we evaluated acute and chronic effects of mdma on the structure of the hippocampus. materials and methods male wistar rats (200-250 g) received single or multiple injections of mdma...

Background Avoidable mortality as an indicator for assessing the health system performance has caught the attention of researchers for a long time. In this study we aimed to compare the health system performance using this indicator in rural and urban areas of one of Iran’s southern provinces.   Methods All deaths (29916) which happened during 2004–2011 in Bushehr province were assessed. Nolte ...

background: aging population and prevalence of diseases like cancer among them have affected general health of the elderly, so that one of the influential factors on health components of elderly patients with cancer is death anxiety, which has important consequences in them. methods: in this cross-sectional (descriptive correlational) study, 130 elderly patients with cancer undergoing chemother...

human factors issues associated with roadway design and operations are critical components of improving highway safety. first, the three major components of highway safety are driver behavior, vehicle safety, and roadway safety. the general philosophy in roadside safety follows the priorities of (1) remove the hazard, (2) relocate the hazard, (3) make the hazard forgiving, and (4) shield the ha...

it is a great pleasure to receive two valuable comments about our article regarding sudden cardiac death (scd) in young athletes from two well known experts working in the field of preparticipation evaluation and prevention of sports injuries. we, as authors, generally agree with both authors' comments. however, some considerations should be re-emphasized here. .....

seizure activity has been proposed to result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros), which then contribute to seizure-induced neuronal damage and eventually cell death. although the mechanisms of seizure-induced ros generation are unclear, mitochondria and cellular calcium overload have been proposed to have a crucial role. we aim to determine the sources of seizure-induced ros and ...

programmed cell death-1 (pd-1) and its ligands, pd-l1 and pd-l2, have been regarded as important immune system regulatory molecules. the aberrant expression of the molecules has been related to several autoimmune disorders. this study is aimed to assess the mrna expression level of pd-1, pd-l1, and pd-l2 molecules in the peripheral blood mononuclear mells (pbmcs) from multiple sclerosis (ms) pa...