The interaction between benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6), dibenzyl-daza-18crown-6 (DBzDA18C6), N-phenyl-aza-15-crown-5 (NPhA15C5) and dibenzopyridine-18-crown-6 (DBPy18C6) with π-acceptor 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) in chloroform solution was studied spectrophotometrically. The interaction of B15C5-DDQ and DB18C6-DDQ caused the formation...

Many defects causing bridges, breaks, and transistor stuck-ons in static CMOS circuits are not detected by tests generated using the traditional single stuck-at fault model. These undetected, non-traditional faults may be detected as increased propagation time or as excessive quiescent power supply current (I DDQ). In this paper we compare the cost of testing for excess I DDQ caused by bridge, ...

We propose a parametric, side-channel-based method designed to detect malicious changes that have been made to the chip layout, i.e., the GDS-II representation, by an adversary. We measure steady-state leakage currents (I DDQ) from multiple, topologically distributed power ports on the chip and propose a chip-averaging method for eliminating within-die variations and improving the Hardware Troj...

The oxidative dehydrogenation of dihydroarenes catalyzed by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-benzoquinone(DDQ) and NaNO(2) with dioxygen is reported. The combination of DDQ and NaNO(2) showed high efficiency and high selectivity, compared with other benzoquinones and anthraquinones, e.g., >99% conversion of 9,10-dihydroanthracene with 99% selectivity for anthracene can be obtained at 120 degrees C unde...

Two simple and selective spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of isoxsuprine hydrochloride (ISX·HCl) as base form in bulk drug and in injections and tablets. The methods are based on the molecular charge-transfer complexation of ISX base (ISX) with either p-chloranilic acid (PCA) or 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). The intense colored radical anions for...

Three chelating-amino-functionalized lanthanide metal-organic frameworks, Y-DDQ, Dy-DDQ and Eu-DDQ, were synthesized with a flexible dicarboxylate ligand based on quinoxaline (H2DDQ = N, N'-dibenzoic acid-2,3-diaminoquinoxaline). The three-dimensional framework is constructed by the H2DDQ linkers connecting the zigzag ladders, showing a net of sra topology. In the structures, one kind of Ln(III...

Defects cause faulty static logic behaviour, faulty dynamic logic behaviour and elevated I DDQ levels. Recent empirical and simulation studies show that adding at speed tests to test suites detects defective ICs missed by slow speed and I DDQ tests. Delay tests for path delay faults and transition tests are two classes of tests that are often used for isolating ICs with faulty dynamic logic beh...

A new general methodology for the synthesis of various functionalized privileged oxygen heterocyclic scaffolds, viz. pyrones, coumarins, and benzannulated coumarins, is developed. The synthesis proceeds through carbanion-induced ring transformation of lactones with various methylene carbonyl compounds followed by DDQ-mediated unprecedented oxidative cleavage of oxaylidenes intermediates. Studie...

Simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of saxagliptin in bulk and dosage forms. The proposed methods are based on the charge transfer complexes of saxagliptin with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). All the variables were studied to optimize the reactions' conditions. Beer's law ...

A tunneling-open failure mode is proposed and carefully studied. A circuit with a tunneling open could pass at-speed Boolean tests but fail VLV testing or I DDQ testing. Theoretical calculations as well as Boolean and I DDQ experiments confirm the existence of tunneling opens. The Murphy experimental data show that seven out of nine VLV-only failure circuits can be explained by this failure mod...