This study applied the odds-ratio (Penfield, 2008), the multinomial logistic regression (Kato et al., 2009), and the standardised distractor analysis (Schmitt and Bleistein, 1987) methods in the examination of differential distractor functioning (DDF) effects. Using data from the administration of one statewide mathematics assessment, these methods were applied to provide insight into two resea...

The contribution of electromagnetic wave scattering on density irregularities in the volume component of radar backscatter was analyzed for a thick snow pack containing internal hoar/ice layers. To evaluate the effect of this scattering, Density Deviation Factor (DDF), a statistical parameter, was introduced into the backscattering coefficient using the “slice” approach. DDF is proportional to ...

The Dynamic Decode-and-Forward (DDF) protocol and the Hybrid DDF and Amplified-and-Forward (HDAF) protocol for the multiple-access relay channel (MARC) with quasi static fading are evaluated using the Zheng-Tse diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT). We assume that there are two users, one half-duplex relay, and a common destination, each equipped with single antenna. For the Rayleigh fading, th...

This paper describes an information-theoretic approach to decentralised and coordinated control of multi-robot sensor systems. It builds on techniques long established for the related problem of Decentralised Data Fusion (DDF). The DDF architecture uses information measures to communicate state estimates in a network of sensors. For coordinated control of robot sensors, the control objective be...

This paper aims to present simple regressive equations estimate the parameters of three-parameter depth–duration–frequency (DDF) curve (3p-DDF), which accurately expresses, for a preassigned return period, relationship between rainfall depth and duration over large ranges, from below 1 h (i.e., tens minutes) above (up 24 h). These are developed relate their those two-parameter DDF (2p-DDF), can...

This paper reexamines the unintended consequences of the two widely cited models for measuring environmental efficiency—the hyperbolic efficiency model (HEM) and directional distance function (DDF). I prove the existence of three main problems: (1) these two models are not monotonic in undesirable outputs (i.e., a firm’s efficiency may increase when polluting more, and vice versa), (2) strongly...

Equine digital flexor muscles have independent tendons but a nearly identical mechanical relationship to the main joint they act upon. Yet these muscles have remarkable diversity in architecture, ranging from long, unipennate fibers ("short" compartment of DDF) to very short, multipennate fibers (SDF). To investigate the functional relevance of the form of the digital flexor muscles, fiber cont...

This paper investigates the application of linear reinforcement learning stochastic approximation to the blind adaptive energy estimation for a decorrelating decision-feedback (DDF) multiuser detector over synchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) radio channels in the presence of multiple-access interference (MAI) and additive Gaussian noise. The decision feedback incorporated into the ...

The present study deals with the estimation of tree biomass by non destructive method in tropical dry deciduous forest (DDF) and tropical mixed deciduous forest (MDF) in 0.1 ha permanent plots, established at seven sites each in seven districts of state of Madhya Pradesh in central India. Tree volume was calculated using site specific volume equation. The biomass of each species was estimated t...

We show how the Pohlmeyer invariants of the bosonic string are expressible in terms of DDF invariants. Quantization of the DDF observables in the usual way yields a consistent quantization of the algebra of Pohlmeyer invariants. Furthermore it becomes straightforward to generalize the Pohlmeyer invariants to the superstring as well as to all backgrounds which allow a free field realization of t...