Mesoporous tungsten trioxide (WO3) was prepared from tungstic acid (H2WO4) as a tungsten precursor with dodecylamine (DDA) as a template to guide porosity of the nanostructure by a solvothermal technique. The WO3 sample (denoted as WO3-DDA) prepared with DDA was moulded on an electrode to yield efficient performance for visible-light-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. Powder X-r...

Diffuse dermal angiomatosis (DDA) is a benign, acquired, reactive vascular proliferation. DDA is clinically characterized by painful purpuric plaque with central ulceration. The histopathologic hallmark is diffuse proliferation of endothelial cells that are arranged interstitially between collagen bundles of the reticular dermis. DDA has been reported in association with peripheral atherosclero...

objective(s): leishmaniasis is a complex parasitic disease that represents a major public health problem. despite numerous attempts over the past decades, yet there is no effective vaccine against human leishmaniasis probably due to the lack of suitable adjuvants. in this study, a first generation liposomal-based leishmania vaccine was developed using soluble leishmania major antigens (sla) and...

Chitosan is a biodegradable natural polysaccharide that has shown potential for gene delivery, although the ideal molecular weight (MW) and degree of deacetylation (DDA) for this application have not been elucidated. To examine the influence of these parameters on gene transfer, we produced chitosans with different DDAs (98%, 92%, 80% and 72%) and depolymerized them with nitrous acid to obtain ...

The thermal discrete dipole approximation (T-DDA) is a numerical approach for modeling near-field radiative heat transfer in complex three-dimensional geometries. In this work, the convergence of the T-DDA is investigated by comparison against the exact results for two spheres separated by a vacuum gap. The error associated with the T-DDA is reported for various sphere sizes, refractive indices...

Dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) stimulates immune responses, primes (or activates) macrophages, and binds to antigens. Because relatively little is known about the binding of adjuvants to antigens, the nature of the interaction of DDA with soluble protein and cellular antigens was investigated. Dose-dependent, stable complexes are formed between cells and the lipoidal cation of DDA. S...

2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine (DDA) was shown not only to possess antibacterial activity in vitro against a variety of Enterobacteriaceae, but also to be effective in vivo, DDA was active in experimental mouse infections by the oral route against 5 Salmonella strains, 2 of 3 Arizona strains, 5 of 7 Citrobacter strains, 3 of 8 Klebsiella strains, 3 of 5 Escherichia strains, 1 of 3 Shigella strains, and...

We studied the accuracy of the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) for simulations of absorption and scattering spectra by gold nanoparticles (spheres, cubes, and rods ranging in size from 10 to 100 nm). We varied the dipole resolution and applied two DDA formulations, employing the standard lattice dispersion relation (LDR) and the relatively new filtered coupled dipoles (FCD) approach. The DD...

Dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) stimulates immune responses, primes (or activates) macrophages, and binds to antigens. Because relatively little is known about the binding of adjuvants to antigens, the nature of the interaction of DDA with soluble protein and cellular antigens was investi gated. Dose-dependent, stable complexes are formed between cells and the lipoidal cation of DDA. ...

The invariant imbedding T-matrix method (II-TM) is employed to simulate the optical properties of normal biconcave and deformed red blood cells (RBCs). The phase matrix elements of a RBC model computed with the II-TM are compared with their counterparts computed with the discrete-dipole approximation (DDA) method. As expected, the DDA results approach the II-TM results with an increase in the n...