نتایج جستجو برای: dbps
تعداد نتایج: 390 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Concerns have been raised regarding disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed as a result of the reaction of halogen based disinfectants with DBP precursors. In order to appreciate the chemical and biological tradeoffs, it is imperative to understand the formation trends of DBPs and their spread in the distribution network. However, the water at a point in a complex distribution system is a mixtur...
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) have heterogeneous structures which are suspected carcinogens as a result of reactions between NOMs (Natural Organic Matter) and oxidants/disinfectants such as chlorine. Because of variability in DBPs characteristics, eliminate completely from drinking water by single technique is impossible. The current article reviews removal of the precursors and DBPs by diffe...
Oxidants used during drinking water treatment can react with organic matter and bromide/iodide to form disinfection by-products (DBPs) (Knappe 2014, Gan et al. 2013a, Plewa et al. 2004). DBPs in drinking water are a concern to public health because of their various potential health effects (Plewa et al. 2008). The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has regulated the carbonaceous DBPs (C...
2016 © American Water Works Association JOURNAL AWWA OCTOBER 2016 | 108:10 Water disinfection is one of the most important health advances, as millions of people worldwide receive quality drinking water every day from water systems (Calderon 2000). Chlorine, chloramines, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet irradiation are the most common disinfectants in use today; each produces its own su...
Chemical disinfection of water is a major public health triumph of the 20th century. Dramatic decreases in both morbidity and mortality of waterborne diseases are a direct result of water disinfection. With these important public health benefits comes low-level, chronic exposure to a very large number of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), chemicals formed through reaction of the chemical disinfect...
The implications of disinfection by-products (DBPs) present in drinking water are of public health concern because of their potential mutagenic, carcinogenic and other toxic effects on humans. In this study, we selected 13 main DBPs found in drinking water to quantitatively analyse their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity using a microplate-based cytotoxicity assay and a developed SOS/umu assay in S...
Developing countries of the world are alarmed by the focus of the developed countries upon disinfection by-products (DBPs) that are potentially harmful to human health, particularly those due to chlorination. In many economically disadvantaged countries chlorination is currently the only affordable barrier against the transmission of waterborne disease: their only choice is between microbiologi...
he proposed Disinfectants/Disinfection By-products (D/DBP) Rule and the Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (ESWTR) have prompted an industrywide evaluation of disinfection and treatment practices.1,2 One of the least expensive methods of limiting DBP formation is to use monochloramine instead of free chlorine to maintain a distribution system residual. Monochloramine limits free chlorine con...
The formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during chlorination of drinking water is an issue which has drawn significant scientific attention over the last few years, due to the adverse effects of these compounds on human health. The complicated mechanisms of the formation of DBPs are still under investigation, and modelling attempts are being made. One of the major factors affecting the ...
Recent developments in gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) have opened up the possibility to use the high resolution-accurate mass (HRAM) Orbitrap mass analyzer to further characterize the volatile and semivolatile fractions of environmental samples. This work describes the utilization of GC Orbitrap MS technology to characterize iodine-containing disinfection by-products (iodo-DBPs)...
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