introduction: snowmelt runoff plays an important role in providing water and agricultural resources, especially in mountainous areas. there are different methods to simulate the process of snowmelt. inter alia, degree-day model, based on temperature-index is more cited. snowmelt runoff model is a conceptual hydrological model to simulate and predict the daily flow of rivers in the mountainous b...

â â  a great portion of precipitation in the south western iran falls in the snow formation. surface runoff produced from melting snow has an important role in the recharging ground water, surface and subsurface flows. rapid snowmelt can even cause flooding . since the snowmelt cannot be easily detected from optical satellite images, snow cover area (sca) is derived as an important hydrological...

SnowModel is a spatially distributed snow-evolution modeling system designed for application in landscapes, climates, and conditions where snow occurs. It is an aggregation of four submodels: MicroMet defines meteorological forcing conditions, EnBal calculates surface energy exchanges, SnowPack simulates snow depth and water-equivalent evolution, and SnowTran-3D accounts for snow redistribution...

Although remote sensing data are often plentiful, they do not usually satisfy the users’ needs directly. Data assimilation is required to extract information about geophysical fields of interest from the remote sensing observations and to make the data more accessible to users. Remote sensing may provide, for example, measurements of surface soil moisture, snow water equivalent, snow cover, or ...

Snow water equivalent (SWE) is critical information for hydrological studies over northern latitudes. This information is needed to adequately simulate spring runoff in order to optimize hydropower generation. In this paper, a new geophysical inversion methodology for monitoring SWE evolution on a daily basis is presented. The methodology is based on a modified version of the Helsinki Universit...