Early life stress during fetal development has been hypothesized to predispose several neurological and psychiatric disorders in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal stress on the volume of granular cells, total number of dark neurons and also the distribution of glycol-conjugates and changes of terminal sugars in the dentate gyrus. Pregnant Sprague-Daw...

objective(s): intracerebral injection of bone marrow stromal cells (bmscs) is being investigated as a therapeutic tool to prevent alzheimer's disease (ad). our aim was to investigate the effects of bmscs by intrathecal injection in ad rat model. materials and methods: bmscs were obtained from the bone marrow of wistar rat and transplanted into ad rat model via intrathecal injection. the ra...

The loss of specific neuronal phenotypes, as determined by immunohistochemistry, has become a powerful tool for identifying the nature and cause of neurological diseases. Here we show that the number of neurons identified and quantified using this method misses a substantial percentage of extant neurons in a phenotype specific manner. In mice, 24% more hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) neurons are seen ...

Objective(s): Intracerebral injection of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is being investigated as a therapeutic tool to prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our aim was to investigate the effects of BMSCs by intrathecal injection in AD rat model. Materials and Methods: BMSCs were obtained from the bone marrow of Wistar rat and transplanted into AD rat model via intrathecal injection. The rat mod...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is one the most common cause of disability between young adults. these people have been socially isolated during post-surgery traumatic brain injury. in this study we investigated the effect of social isolation on the structural deficits after tbi in the young rats. young rats were divided into control group with social interaction, sham group with social isolation ...

apoptosis plays an important role in many pathological processes of the central nervous system. the neuroprotective effect of periodic fasting (pf) in contrast to severe fasting or starvation has been suggested. however, these beneficial effects seem to depend on the type and duration of the used feeding protocol. this study was designed to evaluate the effects of different pf protocols on the ...

objective(s):silver nanoparticles (ag-nps) are used widely in bedding, water purification, tooth paste and toys. these nanoparticles can enter into the body and move into the hippocampus. the aim of this study was to investigate the neurotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in the adult rat hippocampus. materials and methods:12 male wistar rats were randomly divided into two experimental and contro...

Inhibitory neurons are heterogeneous in the mature brain. It is unclear when and how inhibitory neurons express distinct structural and functional profiles. Using in vivo time-lapse imaging of tectal neuron structure and visually evoked Ca(2+) responses in tadpoles, we found that inhibitory neurons cluster into two groups with opposite valence of plasticity after 4 hr of dark and visual stimula...

Chronic monocular deprivation induces severe amblyopia that is resistant to spontaneous reversal. However, dark exposure initiated in adulthood reactivates synaptic plasticity in the visual cortex and promotes recovery from chronic monocular deprivation in Long Evans rats. Here we show that chronic monocular deprivation induces a significant decrease in the density of dendritic spines on princi...