Growth patterns of vertical stems in nine ponderosa pines from a stand in the southern Sierra Nevada were analyzed for recent changes due to stand dominance position, age, climate, and ozone exposure. Large positive correlations were found between increments in volume growth and basal area at d.b.h. The results indicated that patterns of wood distribution along the bole were associated with age...

--Sweetgum and water oak trees samp~ed from a plantation over 7 years were used to test whether primary tree component (bole wood, bole bark, limb wood, timb bark, and leaves) predictions could be summed to estima~e total bole. total limb. and total tree values. Estimattons by summing primary component predictions were not significantly different from predictions for the totals, but pr~diction ...

For purposes of forest inventory and eventual management of the forest resource, it is essential to be able to predict the cumulative bole volume to any stipulated point on the standing tree bole, while requiring measurements of tree size that can be made easily, quickly and accurately. Equations for this purpose are typically non-linear and are ® tted to data garnered from a sample of felled t...

Caucasian alder is a large tree and one of the commercial species in the Caspian forests. We investigated the wound healing rate (WHR) and compared the diameter growth (DG) of 66 wounded and 66 unwounded alder trees 15 years after selected logging in these forests. The conditions of the wounds after 15 years were as follows: 56.1% had closed, 25.7% were open, and 18.2% had decayed. The mean WHR...

Four thinning treatments were applied to a red oak-sweetgum (Quercus spp.-Liquidambar styraciha L.) stand on a minor streambottom site in west-central Alabama in 1994: (1) unthinned control; (2) light thinning to 70-75 percent residual stocking; (3) heavy thinning to 50-55 percent residual stocking; and (4) B-line thinning to desirable residual stocking for bottomland hardwoods, as recommended ...

Abstract Key message Bark stripping wounds by red deer ( Cervus elavus L.) were assessed on 9026 Norway spruce trees. Wound variables (length, width, area, relative height above ground, and angle) analysed using generalized additive models with spatial soap film smoothers. Wounds located at the uphill side of trees larger in summer than winter, wound size depended diameter breast (DBH) was spat...

We report on the design and performance of a system that speeds measurement of radial tree-ring increments on tree stem disks; this method replaces the usual binocular microscope with a video image, and automates the measuring and recording processes. The system was used to measure bole sections cut from stems at various heights to determine volume growth of representative trees in an old-growt...

Purportedly, large Douglas-fir trees in the American Pacific Northwest use water stored in bole tissues to ameliorate the effects of seasonal summer drought, the water content of bole tissues being drawn down over the summer months and replenished during the winter. Continuous monitoring of bole relative water content (RWC) in two 110-120-year-old Douglas-fir trees with ThetaProbe impedance dev...

results: patients in the case and control groups were similar in age and admission vital signs. during the second operation, the bleeding volumes measured in the case and control groups were 66 ± 27.01 ml and 152 ± 85.4 ml, respectively. there was some pad-induced damage after the removal of the pad in the control group. patients and methods: twenty male patients with grade iv or v liver injuri...

background there is significant prevalence of physical injuries sustained by civilian recruits at military training garrisons. civilian recruits sustain these injuries mostly during the intensive and rigorous military combat-training period. objectives we sought to determine the prevalence and causes of oral and maxillofacial injuries as the first step in reducing and preventing them in civilia...