A new constitutive equation is presented to describe the damage evolution process in parallel-fibered collagenous tissues such as ligaments. The model is formulated by accounting for the fibrous structure of the tissues. The tissue’s stress is defined as the average of the collagen fiber’s stresses. The fibers are

Background: Once COVID-19 is transmitted, the corresponding civil responsibility should be clarified by the identification of the transmitter, compensation of the damage and detection of the causal relationship between the damage or harm and the harmful act.    Methods: This research has been prepared by descriptive analytical method and its data has been collected by documentary library tools...

Background: Dust is one of the most important forms of air pollution. Pursuant to Article 21 of the declaration on the principle of non-harmful use of land, states are responsible, in accordance with the charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, for arranging for activities within their competence or oversight to cause harm to the environment of other countries or r...

referring to responsible person by insurer after damage compensation is one of the important issues in insurance law. finding the jurisprudence basis of this reference regarding to islamic laws and jurisprudence sources is the objective of this article. subrogation with payment is rooted in french law and it is not stated in iranian law and its basis. according to an implicit condition in insur...

nowadays the environmental civil liability regime has wake fundaments. this article attempts to analysis the new evolutions in the fundaments of environmental civil liability theories in islamic jurisprudence and environmental law .so this paper is divided in tow sections and one introduction. part i study contemporary legal approaches in environmental civil liability and part ii explain and de...

The rationale behind this study is considering combating and preventing the phenomenon of trafficking in human beings from a multidisciplinary perspective that involves many layers of the society. Trafficking in human beings is an abhorrent phenomenon highly affecting negatively the victims and their families in both human and material aspect, sometimes causing irreversible damages. The longer ...