Increase in demand for milk and their products many dairies of different sizes have come up in different places. The dairy industry involves processing raw milk into products such as consumer milk, butter, cheese, yogurt, condensed milk, dried milk (milk powder), and ice cream, using processes such as chilling, pasteurization, and homogenization. The typical by-products of milk are buttermilk, ...

1. Background 2. The SBR technology for wastewater treatment 3. Physical description of the SBR system 3.1 FILL Phase 3.2 REACT Phase 3.3 SETTLE Phase 3.4 DRAW or DECANT Phase 3.5 IDLE Phase 4. Components and configuration of SBR system 5. Control of biological reactions through operating strategies 6. Design of SBR reactor 7. Costs of SBR 8. Case studies 8.1 Quakers Hill STP 8.2 SBR for Nutrie...

AIMS This study compared the chemical, physical and bacterial composition of circulated and stagnant dairy wastewaters. METHODS AND RESULTS Samples taken from circulated and stagnant wastewater lagoons, over a 1-year period, were analysed for 10 chemical (total N, NH3, NO3, NO2, Na, Ca, HCO3, Fe, P and K) and six physical (biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved solids, el...

A pilot scale trickling filter and secondary sedimentation are used to evaluate the feasibility of this process for the treatment of raw dairy waste. The BOD in the raw waste of 252 to 1200 mg/l is reduced 50-73% by a single stage and a further 17-55% by sedimentation tank. Treatment efficiencies are determined at various waste strengths and influent flow rates. With a loading rate of 5-12 kg B...

background wastewaters with high salt content disturb the metabolic function of microorganisms causing plasmolysis or activity loss in microorganisms, so the efficiency of biological treatment of saline wastewater by conventional microorganisms will decrease. objectives this study aimed to find the outbreak of disorder in the biological wastewater treatment process and how much salt leads to lo...

Laboratory experiments have been performed to investigate photocatalytic detoxification by using TiO2 photocatalyst for treating dairy effluent. Various operational parameters such as catalyst concentration, initial concentration, angle of tilt of solar flat plate reactor and flow rate were investigated. Results indicated that the photocatalytic detoxification process can efficiently treat dair...

Among the food industries, the dairy industry is considered to be the most polluting one because of the large volume of wastewater generated and its high organic load. In this study, an aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used for the treatment of wastewater from a large dairy industry and two hydraulic retention times (HRT), 6 and 8 hours, were evaluated. For both HRTs removal efficiencies o...

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of natural flocculants to reduce solids and nutrient loads in dairy cow wastewater using solid-liquid separation; chitosan was used as a model. Its use efficiency and optimum application rate were determined using flushed dairy cow manure of varied strengths - 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.6%, and 3.2% total solids (TS) content. Treatments consisted of n...

AIM To determine the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy wastewater from on-site holding lagoons equipped with or without circulating aerators. METHODS AND RESULTS Survival was monitored in dairy lagoon microcosms equipped with or without scale-size circulators. Both laboratory strains of E. coli O157:H7 and an isolate of E. coli H7 from wastewater had poor survival rates and none p...

Wastewater from dairy industries, characterized by its high COD content and relative high COD/TKN ratio, requires post-treatment after anaerobic treatment to complete the removal of organic matter and nutrients. Due to its simplicity, robustness and low maintenance costs, sequencing batch reactors (SBR) result in an attractive system, especially in case of small dairy industries in order to com...